Cited by 1,244T-cell and B-cell ImmunologyCancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismImmune cells in cancer

Metabolic Regulation of T Lymphocytes

Open access
MacIver, Nancie J., Michalek, Ryan D., Rathmell, Jeffrey C.·2013·Annual Review of Immunology

Abstract

T cell activation leads to dramatic shifts in cell metabolism to protect against pathogens and to orchestrate the action of other immune cells. Quiescent T cells require predominantly ATP-generating processes, whereas proliferating effector T cells require high metabolic flux through growth-promoting pathways. Further, functionally distinct T cell subsets require distinct energetic and biosynthetic pathways to support their specific functional needs. Pathways that control immune cell function and metabolism are intimately linked, and changes in cell metabolism at both the cell and system levels have been shown to enhance or suppress specific T cell functions. As a result of these findings, cell metabolism is now appreciated as a key regulator of T cell function specification and fate. This review discusses the role of cellular metabolism in T cell development, activation, differentiation, and function to highlight the clinical relevance and opportunities for therapeutic interventions that may be used to disrupt immune pathogenesis.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095956

Cites

162 of 162 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Exhausted cells expressed relatively high levels of coinhibitory genes Cd200, Lag3, and Pdcd1, as well as genes related to cellular oxidative stress Hif1a and Tbc1d4, compared to TEMs.

    “the exhausted cells expressed relatively high levels of coinhibitory genes [e.g., Cd200, Lag3, and Pdcd1 (22)], as well as genes related to cellular oxidative stress [e.g., Hif1a and Tbc1d4 (37); Fig. 3B]”
  • The predominant metabolic phenotype of activated T cells is a shift to aerobic glycolysis.

    “The predominant metabolic phenotype of activated T cells is a shift to aerobic glycolysis [reviewed in (11)].”
  • D-2-HG inhibits α-KG-dependent ALKBH2 and ALKBH3, DNA damage repair enzymes that detoxify 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine lesions.

    “D-2-HG has been shown to inhibit α-KG-dependent alkylation repair homologs, ALKBH2 and ALKBH3, critical DNA damage repair enzymes that detoxify 1-methyladenine (1 mA) and 3-methlycytosine (3mC) lesions in DNA derived from alkylating agents121,131.”
  • IDH-mutant cells display reduced DNA repair kinetics, accumulate DNA double stranded breaks, and are sensitized to alkylating agents.

    “Indeed, IDH-mutant cells display reduced DNA repair kinetics, accumulate DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) and are sensitized to alkylating agents131,174.”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
MacIver, N. J., Michalek, R. D., & Rathmell, J. C.
Affiliations
  • Duke Medical Center (US)
  • Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
  • Duke University (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Immunology
Published
2013-03-21
Volume
31
Issue
1
Pages
259-283
ISSN
  • 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-3278
OpenAlex
W2105697998
Cited by
1,244
References
162
Citations by year
2026: 49 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 88 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 21
FWCI
6.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL108006)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K08DK087944)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords
T cell metabolism, T cell activation, T cell differentiation, T cell development, metabolic reprogramming, effector T cells, immunometabolism
MeSH terms
Animals, Glycolysis, Humans, Neoplasms, Phosphorylation, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Gene Regulatory Networks

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review