The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Regulation of the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), generated by the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), has been described to have beneficial microbicidal, antiviral, antiparasital, immunomodulatory, and antitumoral effects. However, aberrant iNOS induction at the wrong place or at the wrong time has detrimental consequences and seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of several human diseases. iNOS is primarily regulated at the expression level by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. iNOS expression can be induced in many cell types with suitable agents such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cytokines, and other compounds. Pathways resulting in the induction of iNOS expression may vary in different cells or different species. Activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and STAT-1alpha, and thereby activation of the iNOS promoter, seems to be an essential step for iNOS induction in most cells. However, at least in the human system, also post-transcriptional mechanism are critically involved in the regulation of iNOS expression. The induction of iNOS can be inhibited by a wide variety of immunomodulatory compounds acting at the transcriptional levels and/or post-transcriptionally.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Nitric oxide and the immune response
Bogdan, C. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1001-907 · Cited by 3,447
CELLULAR RESPONSES TO INTERFERON-γ
Boehm, U., Klamp, T., Groot, M., & Howard, J. C. (1997) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.749 · Cited by 2,890
Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond
WU, G., & MORRIS, S. M. (1998) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3360001 · Cited by 2,811
Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B/Rel in induction of nitric oxide synthase.
Xie, Q. W., Kashiwabara, Y., & Nathan, C. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37600-7 · Cited by 2,212 · cited 2×
“An important role of NF-κB binding sites for the induction of the iNOS promoter activity has been shown in murine (Lowenstein et al., 1993; Xie et al., 1994; Goldring et al., 1996), rat (Spink et al., 1995; Eberhardt et al., 1998) and human (Marks-Konczalik et al., 1998; Taylor et al., 1998) cells.”
BackgroundMacrophage cytotoxicity: role for L-arginine deiminase and imino nitrogen oxidation to nitrite
Hibbs, J. B., Taintor, R. R., & Vavrin, Z. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2432665 · Cited by 1,527
Stuehr, D. J., & Marletta, M. A. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.22.7738 · Cited by 1,126
Brennan, C. M., & Steitz*, J. A. (2001) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/pl00000854 · Cited by 1,095
SOCS: physiological suppressors of cytokine signaling
Krebs, D. L., & Hilton, D. J. (2000) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.113.16.2813 · Cited by 463
YU, Z., ZHANG, W., & KONE, B. C. (2002) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20020588 · Cited by 255
Melillo, G., Taylor, L. S., Brooks, A., Musso, T., Cox, G. W., & Varesio, L. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.18.12236 · Cited by 201
Cited by
Altered macrophage differentiation and immune dysfunction in tumor development
Sica, A., & Bronte, V. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci31422 · Cited by 1,238
Regulation of antibacterial defense in the small intestine by the nuclear bile acid receptor
Inagaki, T., Moschetta, A., Lee, Y.-K., Peng, L., Zhao, G., Downes, M., Yu, R. T., Shelton, J. M., Richardson, J. A., Repa, J. J., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509592103 · Cited by 1,164
Inducible nitric oxide synthase: Regulation, structure, and inhibition
Cinelli, M. A., Do, H. T., Miley, G. P., & Silverman, R. B. (2020) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21599 · Cited by 889
Regulation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase
Kleinert, H., Pautz, A., Linker, K., & Schwarz, P. M. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.030 · Cited by 705
Self-citationSources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation
Tejero, J., Shiva, S., & Gladwin, M. T. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00036.2017 · Cited by 541
Metadata
- Authors
- Kleinert, H., Schwarz, P. M., & Förstermann, U.
- Venue
- Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2003-01-07
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 10-11
- Pages
- 1343-64
- ISSN
- 1431-6730 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057792332
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 9.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Regulation of the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1515/bc.2003.152
- The paper
- Kleinert, H., Schwarz, P. M., & Förstermann, U. (2003). Regulation of the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. Biological Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1515/bc.2003.152
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
