Comprehensive profiling of the human circulating endocannabinoid metabolome: clinical sampling and sample storage parameters
Open accessAbstract
: Endogenous cannabinoid-receptor ligands (endocannabinoids) and over a dozen related metabolites now comprise the “endocannabinoid metabolome”. The diverse (patho)physiological roles of endocannabinoids, the predictive/diagnostic utility of systemic endocannabinoid levels, and the growing interest in endocannabinoid-related pharmacotherapeutics mandate a valid clinical protocol for processing human blood that does not jeopardize profiling of the circulating endocannabinoid metabolome. : We systematically evaluated the potential effect of pre-analytical variables associated with phlebotomy and sample handling/work-up on the human-blood endocannabinoid metabolome as quantified by state-of-the-art liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. : Neither subject posture during phlebotomy nor moderate activity beforehand influenced the blood levels of the 15 endocannabinoid-system lipids quantified. Storage of fresh blood at 4°C selectively enhanced ethanolamide concentrations artifactually without affecting monoglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid. In marked contrast, ethanolamides and monoglycerides remained stable through three plasma freeze/thaw cycles, whereas plasma arachidonic acid content increased, probably a reflection of ongoing metabolism. : Class- and compound-selective pre-analytical influences on circulating human endocannabinoid levels necessitate immediate plasma preparation from fresh blood and prompt plasma apportioning and snap-freezing. Repeated plasma thawing and refreezing should be avoided. This protocol ensures sample integrity for evaluating the circulating endocannabinoid metabolome in the clinical setting. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1289–95.
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Both eCBs and their congeners are present in serum and plasma.
“Both of the eCBs and their congeners are also present in the serum and plasma (Wood et al, 2008).”
From Acute stress increases circulating anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines in healthy humans (2012) · cites this paper as Wood et al, 2008
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Scalbert, A., Brennan, L., Fiehn, O., Hankemeier, T., Kristal, B. S., van Ommen, B., Pujos-Guillot, E., Verheij, E., Wishart, D., & Wopereis, S. (2009) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-009-0168-0 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Acute stress increases circulating anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines in healthy humans
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- Authors
- Wood, J. T., Williams, J. S., Pandarinathan, L., Courville, A., Keplinger, M. R., Janero, D. R., Vouros, P., Makriyannis, A., & Lammi-Keefe, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Northeastern University (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2008-01-01
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1289-95
- ISSN
- 1434-6621 (ISSN-L)
- 1437-4331
- PMC
- PMC3733471
- OpenAlex
- W1970045266
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P01 DA9158, T32 DA7312, T32DA007312, P01DA009158)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Keywords
- pre-analytical variables, blood sample storage, monoglycerides, arachidonic acid, free fatty acids, phlebotomy, sample handling, sample integrity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Blood Circulation, Blood Specimen Collection, Cattle, Female, Humans, Motor Activity, Posture, Reference Values, Sensitivity and Specificity, Temperature, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators, Endocannabinoids
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