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Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training on Performance in Athletes: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to determine if respiratory muscle training (RMT) improves sport performance and respiratory muscle strength and endurance. Methodology followed the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, EMBASE, EBM reviews, and COCHRANE electronic databases were searched until July 2011. Articles were included if: (a) participants were athletes; (b) RMT was compared with sham or control in a randomized controlled design and included outcomes of respiratory muscle and sport performance; and (d) published in English. Quality assessment using PEDro and data abstraction was performed by 2 authors. Outcomes evaluated were measures of sport performance, exercise capacity, spirometry, and respiratory muscle strength and endurance. Meta-analyses were performed on outcomes reported in 2 or more papers. Results of this systematic review revealed that of the 6,923 citations retrieved from the search strategy, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses demonstrated a significant positive effect of RMT on sport performance outcomes of time trials, exercise endurance time, and repetitions on Yo-Yo tests. Inspiratory muscle strength and endurance improved in most studies, which in part, was dependent on the type of RMT employed. Determination of the type of athlete that may benefit most from RMT was limited by small sample sizes, differing RMT protocols, and differences in outcome measures across studies. In conclusion, RMT can improve sport performance. Closer attention to matching the ventilatory demands of RMT to those required during athletic competition and more aggressive progression of training intensity may show greater improvements in future studies.
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“The lack of changes in running or cycling performance is at odds with two meta-analysis suggesting enhancements in time-trial performance following RMT4,5, but in line with other studies which also found no ergogenic effects of RMT in the absence38,39 or presence of sham or control groups40,41.”
From Similar effects on exercise performance following different respiratory muscle training programs in healthy young men (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Both respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) and inspiratory resistive training (IMT) seem to increase whole-body exercise performance, but direct comparisons between the two are scarce.”
From Similar effects on exercise performance following different respiratory muscle training programs in healthy young men (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
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Metadata
- Authors
- HajGhanbari, B., Yamabayashi, C., Buna, T. R., Coelho, J. D., Freedman, K. D., Morton, T. A., Palmer, S. A., Toy, M. A., Walsh, C., Sheel, A. W., & Reid, W. D.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Reid, W. Darlene
- Venue
- Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1643-1663
- ISSN
- 1064-8011 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088205751
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- respiratory muscle training, athletic performance, athletes, inspiratory muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance, exercise endurance, Yo-Yo test, time trial
- MeSH terms
- Breathing Exercises, Humans, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Respiratory Muscles, Muscle Strength, Athletic Performance
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.