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Cited by 26Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAttachment and Relationship DynamicsSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

Early Maternal Withdrawal and Nonverbal Childhood IQ as Precursors for Substance Use Disorder in Young Adulthood: Results of a 20-Year Prospective Study

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Pechtel, Pia, Woodman, Ashley, Lyons-Ruth, Karlen·2012·International Journal of Cognitive Therapy
DOI 10.1521/ijct.2012.5.3.316PMC PMC4248720
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Abstract

The relation between early mother-infant interaction and later socio-emotional development has been well established. The present study addresses the more recent interest in the impact of maternal caregiving on cognitive development and their role in decision-making in young adulthood. Using data from a prospective longitudinal study on attachment, prediction from early mother-infant interactions at age 18 months and from verbal and nonverbal cognitive skill at age 5 were examined as predictors of a substance use disorder (abuse/dependence) in young adulthood (age 20) on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Results reveal that the mother's withdrawal from interaction with the infant at age 18 months, coded using the AMBIANCE coding system (Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification), was associated with the child's lower nonverbal cognitive scores but not verbal cognitive scores at age 5. In addition, maternal withdrawal at 18 months predicted a clinical diagnosis of substance use disorder (alcohol/cannabis) at age 20. Finally, nonverbal reasoning at age 5 mediated the relationship between early maternal withdrawal and substance use disorder (alcohol/cannabis) in young adulthood. Findings indicate the need for further work examining how early maternal withdrawal affects nonverbal cognitive development by school entry, and how these nonverbal deficits further contribute to maladaptive coping strategies such as substance use by young adulthood.

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  • The validity of maternal AMBIANCE classification has been confirmed by meta-analysis for infant attachment disorganization and in individual studies for adolescent psychiatric outcomes.

    “Validity of maternal AMBIANCE classification has been confirmed by meta-analysis in relation to infant attachment disorganization (57) and, in individual studies, in relation to adolescent psychiatric outcomes (72, 75, 76).”

    From Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [76]

  • Children with disrupted attachment who experienced early maternal withdrawal developed a substance use disorder in young adulthood.

    “Children with disrupted attachment, who had experienced early maternal withdrawal, developed a substance use disorder in young adulthood,10”

    From Ventral striatum dysfunction in children and adolescents with reactive attachment disorder: functional MRI study (2015) · cites this paper as [10]

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Beckwith L Rodning C Dyadic processes between mothers and preterm infants: Development at ages 2 to 5 years Infant Mental Health Journal 1996 17 322 333
  2. Bureau J-F Moss E St.-Laurent D The roles of attachment and individual and familial processes in the prediction of academic and cognitive functioning F. Lamb-Parker, Attachment, adult-child relationships, and affect regulation: Contributions to children’s later cognitive, social and behavioral competence Symposium conducted at the Head Start Eighth National Research Conference Washington, DC 2006, June
  3. Field T Guy L Umbel V Infants’ responses to mothers’ imitative behaviors Infant Mental Health Journal 1985 6 40 44
  4. Lyons-Ruth K Bureau J-F Holmes B East-erbrooks MA Hennighausen K Borderline features and suicidality/self-injury: Prospective and concurrent relationship correlates from infancy to young adulthood in press Manuscript submitted for publication
  5. Wechsler D Manual for the Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale (WPPS) 1967 Psychological Corporation Oxford, England

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Related

Authors
Pechtel, P., Woodman, A., & Lyons-Ruth, K.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Boston College (US)
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Cognitive Therapy
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2012-09
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
316-329
ISSN
1937-1209 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1521/ijct.2012.5.3.316
PMC
PMC4248720
OpenAlex
W2122134902
Cited by
26
References
65
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI
2.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Cognitive Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Harvard University
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062030)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
mother-infant interaction, nonverbal intelligence, nonverbal reasoning, substance use disorders, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, early adulthood, cognitive development, early childhood, mediation, maladaptive coping, attachment

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