Childhood maltreatment and prospectively observed quality of early care as predictors of antisocial personality disorder features
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Few studies have evaluated the separate contributions of maltreatment and ongoing quality of parent–child interaction to the etiology of antisocial personality features using a prospective longitudinal design. One hundred twenty low‐income young adults (aged 18–23) were assessed for extent of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) features on the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis (M.B. First, R.L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, & J.B.W. Williams, 1997) for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) Axis II, for presence of maltreatment on the Conflict Tactics Scale (M.A. Straus, S.L. Hamby, D. Finkelhor, D.W. Moore, & D. Runyan, 1998), Traumatic Experiences Scale (L. Dutra, J.F. Bureau, B. Holmes, A. Lyubchik, & K. Lyons‐Ruth, 2009), and Adult Attachment Interview (C. George, N. Kaplan, & M. Main, 1984), and for referral in infancy to parent–infant clinical services. Fifty‐six of these families had been studied longitudinally since the first year of life. In infancy, attachment disorganization and disrupted mother–infant interaction were assessed; in middle childhood, disorganized‐controlling attachment behaviors were reliably rated. In kindergarten and second grade, behavior problems were assessed by teacher report. In cross‐sectional analyses, maltreatment was significantly associated with ASPD features, but did not account for the independent effect of early referral to parent–infant services on ASPD features. In longitudinal analyses, maternal withdrawal in infancy predicted the extent of ASPD features 20 years later, independently of childhood abuse. In middle childhood, disorganized attachment behavior and maladaptive behavior at school added to prediction of later ASPD features. Antisocial features in young adulthood have precursors in the minute‐to‐minute process of parent–child interaction beginning in infancy.
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The validity of maternal AMBIANCE classification has been confirmed by meta-analysis for infant attachment disorganization and in individual studies for adolescent psychiatric outcomes.
“Validity of maternal AMBIANCE classification has been confirmed by meta-analysis in relation to infant attachment disorganization (57) and, in individual studies, in relation to adolescent psychiatric outcomes (72, 75, 76).”
From Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [75]
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Developmental costs associated with early maternal withdrawal
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Chen, H., Zhou, H., Zhang, M., Chen, C., Liu, N., Wang, C., & Zhang, N. (2022) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1557 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Yoon, S. A., Kelso, G. A., Lock, A., & Lyons‐Ruth, K. (2014) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2014.964170 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Allely, C. S., & Cooke, D. J. (2016) · Sociology and Anthropology · doi:10.13189/sa.2016.040511 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Ling, H., Meng, F., Yan, Y., Feng, H., Zhang, J.-R., Zhang, L.-R., & Yuan, S.-Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710900 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Painter, F. L., Harverson, J., King, G., Evans-Whipp, T. J., Green, M. J., Mansour, K. A., Zhang, L., Whittle, S., Liontos, D., Olsson, C. A., et al. (2025) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-025-00527-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of an attachment Implicit Association Task
Venta, A. C., Jardin, C., Kalpakci, A. H., & Sharp, C. (2016) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2016.80.3.255 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Brandes, C. M., Kushner, S. C., & Tackett, J. L. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811323-3.00005-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Is neglect the first form of threat?
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Self-citationThe construction of sadomasochism: Vicissitudes of attachment and mentalization
Chavis, D. A. (2018) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/00207578.2018.1471694 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vischer, A.-F., Post, W. J., Grietens, H. W. E., Knorth, E. J., & Bronfman, E. T. (2019) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21823 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dissozial — antisozial: aggressiv, rücksichtslos, selbstbezogen
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Cluster B Personality Disorders and Its Treatment from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Perspective
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Le GRAND livre des 1000 premiers jours de vie
(2021) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.smith.2021.02.0325 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wells, J., Knoll, M. A., Lyons‐Ruth, K., & Obsuth, I. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106190 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationPeran Tempat Penitipan Anak terhadap Kemandirian dan Kedisiplinan Anak Usia Dini
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Attachment styles, abuse experiences and depression
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From Sexting to Child Pornography
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Wherein Does Society's Sin Against Psychopaths Consist?
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Myron Hofer's synthesis of evolution and development: A commentary
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Examining Resilience In Relation to PTSD Symptomatology In Maltreated Youth
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Revisiting the Idealizing Transferences: “Needful Things” and the Faustian Bargain
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Self-citationChildhood adversity : the relationship with facial emotion recognition and homelessness
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Abuso e trascuratezza nell’infanzia: implicazioni cliniche
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La construction du sadomasochisme : vicissitudes de l’attachement et de la mentalisation
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Understanding the cycle of maternal intergenerational child maltreatment
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- Authors
- Shi, Z., Bureau, J., Easterbrooks, M. A., Zhao, X., & Lyons‐Ruth, K.
- Affiliations
- Tongji University (CN)
- Harvard University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lyons‐Ruth, Karlen
- Venue
- Infant Mental Health Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-69
- ISSN
- 0163-9641 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0355
- PMC
- PMC3385929
- OpenAlex
- W2162420580
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Infant Mental Health Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- China Scholarship Council
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062030)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- child abuse, antisocial personality disorder, parent-infant interaction, disorganized attachment, child behavior problems, low-income young adults, etiology of antisocial behavior
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