Cross-Lagged Associations Among Ruminative Response Style, Stressors, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents
Abstract
Recent models suggest that the relationships among cognitive vulnerabilities, stressors, and depression could be dynamic and bidirectional. This study investigated these transactional relationships among ruminative style, depressive symptoms, and stressors. Specifically, this study assessed rumination and stressors as predictors of depressive symptoms, depressive symptoms and rumination as predictors of stressors, and depressive symptoms and stressors as predictors of rumination. Method: A total of 1,000 adolescents (545 boys, Mean Age = 13.42 years) participated in the study. A fully cross-lagged panel design was used in which ruminative style, stressors, and depressive symptoms were assessed at three time points separated by 6 months (Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3). Results: Rumination predicted an increase of depressive symptoms consistently over time. Time 1 depressive symptoms predicted Time 2 stressors, and Time 2 depressive symptoms predicted Time 3 stressors. Finally, Time 1 stressors predicted Time 2 rumination and Time 2 depressive symptoms predicted Time 3 rumination. The findings generally supported a reciprocal model where stressors and rumination contribute to the increase of depressive symptoms, depressive symptoms contribute to generate stress, and both the occurrence of stressors and depressive symptoms worsen ruminative style.
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Anxiety and depression symptoms prospectively predict emotion regulation use, and emotion regulation strategies prospectively predict mindfulness.
“literature suggesting that anxiety and depression symptoms prospectively predict emotion regulation use and that emotion regulation strategies prospectively predict mindfulness (Garland et al., 2016; Calvete, Orue, & Hankin, 2015)”
From The conditional process model of mindfulness and emotion regulation: An empirical test (2017) · cites this paper as Calvete, Orue, & Hankin, 2015
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- Authors
- Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Hankin, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Deusto (ES)
- University of Denver (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 203-220
- ISSN
- 0736-7236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007057102
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- rumination, ruminative response style, depressive symptoms, stressors, adolescents, bidirectional relationship, transactional model, cognitive vulnerability, depression
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