Predictive Processing during a Naturalistic Statistical Learning Task in ASD
Open accessAbstract
Children’s sensitivity to regularities within the linguistic stream, such as the likelihood that syllables co-occur, is foundational to speech segmentation and language acquisition. Yet, little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying speech segmentation in typical development and in neurodevelopmental disorders that impact language acquisition such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we investigate the neural signals of statistical learning in 15 human participants (children ages 8–12) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD and 14 age-matched and gender-matched typically developing peers. We tracked the evoked neural responses to syllable sequences in a naturalistic statistical learning corpus using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the left primary auditory cortex, posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), across three repetitions of the passage. In typically developing children, we observed a neural index of learning in all three regions of interest (ROIs), measured by the change in evoked response amplitude as a function of syllable surprisal across passage repetitions. As surprisal increased, the amplitude of the neural response increased; this sensitivity emerged after repeated exposure to the corpus. Children with ASD did not show this pattern of learning in all three regions. We discuss two possible hypotheses related to children’s sensitivity to bottom-up sensory deficits and difficulty with top-down incremental processing.
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ASD children with poorer language composite scores present a general auditory processing deficit, with atypical left hemisphere responses in the high order time-window of 200-400 ms, and different neural and behavioral effects of syllable-to-syllable processing in speech segmentation.
“When speech and non-speech were compared, ASD children with poorer language composite scores presented a general auditory processing deficit, with atypical left hemisphere responses in the high order time-window of 200–400 ms (Yau et al. 2016), and different neural and behavioral effects of syllable-to-syllable processing in speech segmentation (Wagley et al. 2020).”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Wagley et al. 2020
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredASD children with lower IQ levels did not display the surprisal-related learning pattern.
“However, ASD children with lower IQ levels did not display such learning pattern (Wagley et al. 2020).”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Wagley et al. 2020
ASD children do not seem to have differences in phonological competence but significantly differ in other measures, such as attention, syntax, and pragmatics.
“Interestingly, ASD children do not seem to have differences in phonological competence but significantly differ in other measures, such as attention, syntax, and pragmatics (Brennan et al. 2016; Wagley et al. 2020), suggesting impairments at language structure knowledge.”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Wagley et al. 2020
As surprisal values increase, the amplitude of the neural response also increases in the left primary auditory cortex, posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in neurotypical children.
“A different study showed that as surprisal values increase, the amplitude of the neural response also increases in the left primary auditory cortex, posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in neurotypical children (Wagley et al. 2020).”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Wagley et al. 2020
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- Authors
- Wagley, N., Lajiness-O’Neill, R., Hay, J. S. F., Ugolini, M., Bowyer, S. M., Kovelman, I., & Brennan, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Henry Ford Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wagley, Neelima
- Brennan, Jonathan R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- eneuro
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- ENEURO.0069-19.2020
- ISSN
- 2373-2822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7729300
- OpenAlex
- W3104714766
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- eNeuro (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, statistical learning, speech segmentation, predictive processing, primary auditory cortex, posterior superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, children, language acquisition, top-down processing
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Auditory Cortex, Child, Humans, Learning, Magnetoencephalography
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