Regional distribution of type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in rat brain
Open accessAbstract
The distribution of type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase has been mapped in rat brain by immunochemical and immunohistochemical methods using an antibody against its alpha-subunit. The concentration of the kinase, measured by radioimmunoassay, varies markedly in different brain regions. It is most highly concentrated in the telencephalon where it comprises approximately 2% of the total hippocampal protein, 1.3% of cortical protein, and 0.7% of striatal protein. It is less concentrated in lower brain structures, ranging from about 0.3% of hypothalamic protein to 0.1% of protein in the pons/medulla. The gradient of staining intensity observed in brain sections by immunohistochemistry corroborates this distribution. Neurons and neuropil of the hippocampus are densely stained, whereas little staining is observed in lower brain regions such as the superior colliculus. Within the diencephalon and midbrain, dense staining is observed only in thalamic nuclei and the substantia nigra. The skewed distribution of alpha-subunit appears to be due in part to the occurrence in the cerebellum and pons/medulla of forms of the kinase with a high ratio of beta- to alpha-subunits. However, most of the variation is due to the extremely high concentration of the kinase in particular neurons, especially those of the hippocampus, cortex and striatum. The unusually high expression of the kinase in these neurons is likely to confer upon them specialized responses to calcium ion that are different from those of neurons in lower brain regions.
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CaMKII is present in the brain at extraordinarily high levels, rivaling the levels of cytoskeletal proteins.
“Second, it is present in the brain at extraordinarily high levels, rivaling the levels of cytoskeletal proteins (63–67), suggesting that CaMKII may play a structural role (27, 68).”
From Synaptic memory and CaMKII (2023) · cites this paper as [63]
The Discussion reports that CaMKII reaches 1–2% of total protein in some neurons and calls that level unusual. It compares this abundance with structural proteins, but gives substantially higher levels for tubulin (about 10%) and actin (about 7%); “rivaling” their levels overstates the comparison. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“Second, it is present in the brain at extraordinarily high levels, rivaling the levels of cytoskeletal proteins (63 – 67), suggesting that CaMKII may play a structural role (27, 68).”
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- Authors
- Erondu, N., & Kennedy, M.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1985-12-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3270-3277
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6565219
- OpenAlex
- W1659153222
- Cited by
- 630
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-17660)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › S100 Proteins and Annexins
- Keywords
- calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, regional distribution, rat brain, alpha subunit, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum, telencephalon, thalamus, substantia nigra, cerebellum, pons-medulla, calcium signaling, neuronal expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Female, Histocytochemistry, Immunochemistry, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Protein Kinases, Radioimmunoassay, Rats, Inbred Strains, Tissue Distribution, Mice, Rats
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