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Differential Sensitivity of Human Visual Cortex to Faces, Letterstrings, and Textures: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Open accessAbstract
Twelve normal subjects viewed alternating sequences of unfamiliar faces, unpronounceable nonword letterstrings, and textures while echoplanar functional magnetic resonance images were acquired in seven slices extending from the posterior margin of the splenium to near the occipital pole. These stimuli were chosen to elicit initial category-specific processing in extrastriate cortex while minimizing semantic processing. Overall, faces evoked more activation than did letterstrings. Comparing hemispheres, faces evoked greater activation in the right than the left hemisphere, whereas letterstrings evoked greater activation in the left than the right hemisphere. Faces primarily activated the fusiform gyrus bilaterally, and also activated the right occipitotemporal and inferior occipital sulci and a region of lateral cortex centered in the middle temporal gyrus. Letterstrings primarily activated the left occipitotemporal and inferior occipital sulci. Textures primarily activated portions of the collateral sulcus. In the left hemisphere, 9 of the 12 subjects showed a characteristic pattern in which faces activated a discrete region of the lateral fusiform gyrus, whereas letterstrings activated a nearby region of cortex within the occipitotemporal and inferior occipital sulci. These results suggest that different regions of ventral extrastriate cortex are specialized for processing the perceptual features of faces and letterstrings, and that these regions are intermediate between earlier processing in striate and peristriate cortex, and later lexical, semantic, and associative processing in downstream cortical regions.
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“Puce et al. (1996) report single-subject activations during passive presentation of visual words, faces, and textures. Nine out of twelve subjects showed greater activation to words than to faces in the left occipitotemporal sulcus, although a neighboring but slightly more mesial site conversely showed preferential activation to faces than to words.”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Puce et al. (1996)
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“The region that activates to visual words is well delimited and occupies a fixed location relative to other regions that preferentially respond to faces, houses, or objects (Hasson et al., 2002, 2003; Puce et al., 1996).”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Puce et al., 1996
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Tuned to voices and faces: Cerebral responses linked to social anxiety
Kreifelts, B., Eckstein, K. N., Ethofer, T., Wiegand, A., Wächter, S., Brück, C., Erb, M., Lotze, M., & Wildgruber, D. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.018 · Cited by 11
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A probabilistic functional atlas of human occipito-temporal visual cortexPreprint
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The neural dynamics underlying prioritisation of task-relevant informationPreprint
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BackgroundResultSpatial-Temporal Analysis of Face Processing Using an ERP Study of the Thatcher Illusion
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“…in face processing reported by previous studies (Carey & Diamond, 1977; Diamond & Carey, 1986; Jacques & Rossion, 2006; Leder & Carbon, 2006; Puce et al., 1996; Rhodes, 1993; Rossion et al., 2003; Rossion et al., 2010; Rotshtein, Malach, Hadar, Graif, & Hendler, 2001; Sams, Hietanen, Hari,…”
ERP Source Analysis Guided by fMRI During Familiar Face Processing
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Sobraske, K. N. H., Boster, J. S., & Gaulin, S. J. C. (2013) · Ethos · doi:10.1111/etho.12021 · Cited by 9
“Moreover, each of these components correlates with the activation of particular populations of neurons in both humans (Puce et al. 1996) and macaques (Arcizet et al. 2008).”
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“…categories of stimuli relative to others, e.g. for faces, scenes/landmarks, bodies, and letter strings (e.g. see Figure 4B , Kanwisher et al., 1997; Puce et al., 1996; McCarthy et al., 1997; Epstein & Kanwisher, 1998; Aguirre et al., 1998; Downing et al., 2001; Peelen & Downing, 2005; McCandliss…”
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Pelphrey, K. A., & Perlman, S. B. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511757402.008 · Cited by 7
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A Non-cognitive Behavioral Model for Interpreting Functional Neuroimaging Studies
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“D Gabor filters (Carandini et al., 2005), and some subregions in IT are known to be activated by category-specific stimulus, such as faces (FFA and OFA; Kanwisher et al. (1997); Puce et al. (1996)), words (VWFA; McCandliss et al. (2003)), and scenes (PPA; Ep-stein et al. (1999)).”
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“…now well known to be served by dedicated regions for processing these stimuli, including the fusiform face area (FFA; Kanwisher et al., 1997; McCarthy et al., 1997), the superior temporal sulcus (Puce et al., 1995, 1996), and the occipital face area (Gauthier et al., 2000; Pitcher et al., 2007).”
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“Similar types of prelexical stimuli—single letters, letter descenders, letter strings/clusters, consonant strings—have been used in functional neuroimaging studies to map the neuroanatomical substrate of early visual word recognition ( Cohen, Jobert, Le Bihan, & Dehaene, 2004 ; Cohen et al, 2002 ; Dehaene et al, 2002…”
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“Recent studies have provided converging evidence on the fact that the left fusiform selectively responded to alphabetical words [22–25], for example, ‘‘the visual word form area’’ (VWFA), which was suggested to be specialized for visual word processing [26,28].”
BackgroundLength of Hair Affects P1 and N170 Latencies for Perception of Women's Faces
Tanaka, H. (2018) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512518803202 · Cited by 7
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González, F., Relova, J. L., Prieto, A., Peleteiro, M., & Romero, M. C. (2006) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2006.01.033 · Cited by 7
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BackgroundEvent-Related Potentials (ERPs) and Event-Related Fields (ERFs)
Parviainen, T. M., & Kujala, J. (2023) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3263-5_7 · Cited by 7
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“…discrete domain-specific regions for faces, bodies, words, objects, and scenes have been identified within ventral occipito-temporal cortex and lateral occipital cortex (Cohen et al. 2000; Downing et al. 2001; Epstein and Kanwisher 1998; Gainotti 2000; Malach et al. 1995; Puce et al. 1996).”
BackgroundJung, M., Baik, S. Y., Kim, Y., Kim, S., Min, D., Kim, J.-Y., Won, S., & Lee, S. (2020) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2020.18.3.362 · Cited by 6
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“Studies have established a left hemisphere dominance for visual word processing (Mercure, Cohen Kadosh, & Johnson, 2011). fMRI studies have shown that the VWFA shows greater selectivity for letters and words (Cohen et al., 2000; Price & Devlin, 2011; Puce, Allison, Asgari, Gore, & McCarthy, 1996).”
BackgroundWhich Cheek did the Resurrected Jesus Turn?
Acosta, L. M. Y., Williamson, J. B., & Heilman, K. M. (2014) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-014-9945-9 · Cited by 5
Quinn, B. P. A., Popova, T., Green, P., Talfourd-Cook, R., & Wiese, H. (2023) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2024.2315787 · Cited by 5
Cavina‐Pratesi, C., Large, M., & Milner, A. D. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.10.001 · Cited by 5
The Impact of Deafness on the Human Central Auditory and Visual Systems
Sharma, A., & Mitchell, T. V. (2013) · Springer handbook of auditory research · doi:10.1007/2506_2013_7 · Cited by 6
[Acute hepatitis asociated with ingestion of of diacerein].
Vial, T., Mille, R., Bory, R. M., & Evreux, J. C. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Role of Familiarity in Recognizing Faces and Words: an EEG Study
Подвигина, Д. Н., & Константиновна, П. В. (2019) · Современные технологии в медицине · doi:10.17691/stm2019.11.1.09 · Cited by 5
Lip color affects ERP components in temporal face perception processing
Tanaka, H. (2021) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2004104 · Cited by 5
Olivares, E. I., Lage‐Castellanos, A., Bobes, M. A., & Iglesias, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2018.00012 · Cited by 5
“…Sulcus (pSTS) have been identified as ‘‘core’’ regions in the occipitotemporal cortices that support visual recognition of individuals mediated by face structure (Puce et al., 1996; Kanwisher et al., 1997; Gauthier et al., 2000; Haxby et al., 2000; Kanwisher and Yovel, 2006; Pitcher et al., 2011).”
BackgroundNiina, M., Okamura, J., & Wang, G. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.07.008 · Cited by 5
Development of orthogonal task designs in fMRI studies of higher cognition: The NIMH experience
Courtney, S. M. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.007 · Cited by 5
“Because many other groups had demonstrated responses to visual stimuli by then (e.g. Engel et al., 1994; Malach et al., 1995; Puce et al., 1996; DeYoe et al., 1996), I focused my attention on looking for memory delay activity in prefrontal cortex.”
BackgroundExamination of the split fovea theory in a case of pure left hemialexia
Siéroff, É., & Michal Lavidor, B. (2007) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290601161926 · Cited by 5
“Downloaded By: [Universite Rene Descartes Paris 5] At: 10:54 7 May 2007 Normal reading of letters displayed in the LVF is based on projections from the right-sided visual cortex such as V4 toward the VWFA, located in the left fusiform gyrus (Beauregard et al., 1997; Cohen et al., 2000; Puce, Allison, Asgari, Gore, & M…”
MethodFMRI signal source analysis using diffusion-weighted spiral-in acquisition
Song, A. W., Emberger, K., Michelich, C. R., & McCarthy, G. (2005) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2004.1404228 · Cited by 5
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
Baker, C. I. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop203004 · Cited by 6
Kanwisher, N., & Yovel, G. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb002043 · Cited by 5
fMRI evidence that hyper-caricatured faces activate object-selective cortex
Elson, R., Schluppeck, D., & Johnston, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1035524 · Cited by 4
“Anatomically restricting the analyses We focused our analysis on the occipito-temporal cortex, bilaterally, including the FFA, the OFA (occipital face area; Puce et al., 1996; Halgren et al., 1999) and pSTS (posterior superior temporal sulcus; Morris et al.”
MethodThe representational instability in the generalization of fear learning
Yu, K., Vanpaemel, W., Tuerlinckx, F., & Zaman, J. (2024) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-024-00287-x · Cited by 4
Brain mechanisms for representing what another person sees
Heyda, R. D., Green, S. R., Wyk, B. C. V., Morris, J. P., & Pelphrey, K. A. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.101 · Cited by 4
“To evaluate the Dual Role hypothesis, we gained leverage from the fact that previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified category-specific brain regions in extrastriate visual cortex that selectively respond to images of faces, bodies, or places, including the fusiform face area (FFA)…”
Neural correlates of intimate picture stimuli in females
Maier, S. J., Spiegelberg, J., Jacob, G. A., van Zutphen, L., Zeeck, A., Hartmann, A., Tüscher, O., Holovics, L., van Elst, L. T., & Joos, A. A. B. (2018) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.01.003 · Cited by 4
Face detection and individuation: Interactive and complementary stages of face processing.
Comfort, W. E., & Zana, Y. (2015) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/h0101278 · Cited by 3
Sahraei, I., Hildesheim, F. E., Thome, I., Kessler, R., Rusch, K. M., Sommer, J. B., Kamp‐Becker, I., Stark, R. M., & Jansen, A. (2021) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22858 · Cited by 4
“…domains language and face processing, resulting in a left dominant language processing (e.g., Gaillard et al., 2004; HundGeorgiadi et al., 2001; Knecht et al., 2000) and right-dominant face processing in adults (De Renzi, 1986; Kanwisher et al., 1997; Puce et al., 1996; Wada & Yamamoto, 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-forgiveness is associated with increased volumes of fusiform gyrus in healthy individuals
Kim, H.-J., Seo, J., Bang, M., & Lee, S. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32731-0 · Cited by 4
Revsine, C., González-Castillo, J., Merriam, E. P., Bandettini, P. A., & Ramírez, F. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0296-23.2024 · Cited by 5
Aphasic, arthric, calculation, and auditory disorders
Godefroy, O. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139058988.008 · Cited by 4
Synapse: A Clinical Trial Examining the Impact of Actively Engaging the Aging Mind
Lodi‐Smith, J., & Park, D. C. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0636-6_4 · Cited by 4
“For example, a young adult viewing faces would show activation in the fusiform area of the ventral visual cortex (Kanwisher, McDermott, & Chun, 1997) while a young adult viewing pictures of places would show activation in the parahippocampus (Epstein & Kanwisher, 1998) and a young adult looking at words and numbers wo…”
BackgroundFace Perception: Broken into Parts
Downing, P. E. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.008 · Cited by 4
“The occipital face area [7] and the fusiform face area [8] lie on the ventral surface of the brain, at the base of the occipital and temporal lobes, respectively.”
Nasaruddin, N. H., Yusoff, A. N., & Kaur, S. (2014) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/546/1/012003 · Cited by 4
Visual Neuroscience: A Hat-Trick for Modularity
Downing, P. E. (2009) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.037 · Cited by 4
“category-selective regions of visual cortex lie on the lateral surface of the brain, where they are in reach of TMS (Figure 1). These include the occipital face area [ 4 ] and the extrastriate body area [5] — selective for human faces and bodies, respectively — and the lateral-occipital complex [6], selective for gene…”
Visual Deprivation Effects on Somatosensory and Visual Systems: Behavioral and Cortical Changes
Burton, H., & McLaren, D. G. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370880-9.00389-3 · Cited by 4
Object Recognition: Physiological and Computational Insights
Tsao, D. Y., Cadieu, C. F., & Livingstone, M. S. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0024 · Cited by 4
“…revealed more of the specificity of these cortical regions for faces, with demonstrations of fusiform regions that responded more strongly to faces than to letter strings and textures (Puce et al., 1996), flowers (McCarthy et al., 1997), everyday objects, houses, and hands (Kanwisher et al., 1997).”
The Neural Correlates of Consciousness
(2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012264841-0/50017-2 · Cited by 5
The body and the brain: Neuroscience and the representation of anthropomorphs in palaeoart
Watson, B. C. (2012) · Rock Art Research · doi:10.69978/rar.v29i1.93 · Cited by 4
Choosing and Changing Financial Advisors: An fMRI Study of Associated Brain ActivationsPreprint
James, R. N. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2011914 · Cited by 4
Fang, M., Aglinskas, A., Li, Y., & Anzellotti, S. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qbx4m · Cited by 4
Macé, M. J. ‐. (2006) · HAL · Cited by 4
Identifying the cortical face network with dynamic face stimuli: A large group fMRI studyPreprint
Pitcher, D., Ianni, G., Holiday, K., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559583
Metadata
- Authors
- Puce, A., Allison, T., Asgari, M., Gore, J. C., & McCarthy, G.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1996-08-15
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 5205-5215
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6579313
- OpenAlex
- W2172253232
- Cited by
- 987
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 16.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-05 286, R01MH005286)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Keywords
- face processing, texture processing, fusiform gyrus, extrastriate cortex, hemispheric lateralization, right hemisphere, collateral sulcus, middle temporal gyrus, ventral stream
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Face, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways
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