Learning Performance of Normal and Mutant Drosophila after Repeated Conditioning Trials with Discrete Stimuli
Open accessAbstract
A new olfactory conditioning procedure is described using short training trials with discrete presentation of conditioned stimuli (CS) and unconditioned stimuli (US). A short odor presentation along with a single-shock stimulus produced modest but reliable and reproducible learning. Multiple trials presented sequentially improved performance with increasing trial number. Trial spacing had a significant impact on performance. Two trials presented with a short intertrial interval (ITI) produced no improvement over a single trial; two trials with a 15 min ITI significantly boosted performance. This effect required two associative trials, because substituting one of the trials with the CS alone, US alone, or an unpaired CS–US failed to boost performance. The increase in initial performance with two trials decayed within 15 min after training. Thus, the effect is short-lived. The utility of using a battery of tests, including a single short trial, two massed trials, and two spaced trials, to investigate parameters of memory formation in several mutants was demonstrated.
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Spaced training leads to improved memory in invertebrates such as Aplysia californica, Drosophila melanogaster and bees, and in rodents and non-human primates.
“Spaced training also leads to improved memory in invertebrates, such as the mollusk Aplysia californica11–14, Drosophila melanogaster15,16 and bees17, and in rodents18,19 and non-human primates20,21.”
From The right time to learn: Mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning (2016) · cites this paper as [15]
The spacing effect has been well demonstrated in Drosophila.
“The spacing effect has been well demonstrated in Drosophila (Tully et al., 1994; Beck et al., 2000; Ho et al., 2007).”
From The Phosphatase SHP2 Regulates the Spacing Effect for Long-Term Memory Induction (2009) · cites this paper as Beck et al., 2000
In Drosophila, the spacing effect is well defined phenomenologically and used as a behavioral strategy to induce protein synthesis-dependent LTM.
“In Drosophila, the spacing effect is well defined phenomenologically (Tully et al., 1994; Beck et al., 2000) and it is used as a behavioral strategy to induce protein synthesis-dependent LTM.”
From The Phosphatase SHP2 Regulates the Spacing Effect for Long-Term Memory Induction (2009) · cites this paper as Beck et al., 2000
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Drosophila Memory Research through Four Eras
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Protein Phosphatase-Dependent Circadian Regulation of Intermediate-Term Associative Memory
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Place avoidance learning and memory in a jumping spider
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Towards Experimental Tests of Quantum Effects in Cytoskeletal Proteins
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- Authors
- Beck, C. D. O., Schroeder, B., & Davis, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- ORCID
- Davis, Ronald L.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2000-04-15
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2944-2953
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6772219
- OpenAlex
- W1603963294
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS019904, NS-19904, R37NS019904)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- olfactory conditioning, Drosophila, associative learning, intertrial interval, memory formation, learning performance, mutant analysis
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Animals, Conditioning, Operant, Drosophila, Electric Stimulation, Learning, Memory, Mutation, Phenotype, Smell, Time Factors
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