Spaced training induces normal long-term memory in CREB mutant mice

Kogan, Jeffrey H; Frankland, Paul W; Blendy, Julie A; Coblentz, Jodi; Marowitz, Zachary; Schütz, Günther; Silva, Alcino J

doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00022-4

Cited by 350Memory and Neural MechanismsNeurobiology and Insect Physiology ResearchNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Spaced training induces normal long-term memory in CREB mutant mice

Open access

Kogan, Jeffrey H, Frankland, Paul W, Blendy, Julie A, Coblentz, Jodi, Marowitz, Zachary, Schütz, Günther, Silva, Alcino J·1997·Current Biology

DOI 10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00022-4

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background The cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor the activity of which is modulated by increases in the intracellular levels of cAMP and calcium. Results from studies with Aplysia, Drosophila and mice indicate that CREB-activated transcription is required for long-term memory. Furthermore, a recent study found that long-term memory for olfactory conditioning can be induced with a single trial in transgenic Drosophila expressing a CREB activator, whereas in normal flies, with presumably lower CREB-mediated transcription levels, conditioning requires multiple spaced trials. This suggests that CREB-mediated transcription is important in determining the type of training required for long-term memory of olfactory conditioning in Drosophila. Interestingly, studies with cultured Aplysia neurons indicated that removing a CREB repressor promoted the formation of long-term facilitation, a cellular model of non-associative memory.Results Here, we have confirmed that mice lacking the alpha and Delta CREB proteins (CREBalphaDelta-) have abnormal long-term, but not short-term, memory, as tested in an ethologically meaningful task. Importantly, additional spaced training can overcome the profound memory deficits of CREBalphaDelta- mutants. Increasing the intertrial interval from 1 to 60 minutes overcame the memory deficits of the CREBalphaDelta- mice in three distinct behavioral tasks: contextual fear conditioning, spatial learning and socially transmitted food preferences.Conclusions Previous findings and results presented here demonstrate that CREB mutant mice have profound long-term memory deficits. Importantly, our findings indicate that manipulations of CREB function can affect the number of trials and the intertrial interval required for committing information to long-term memory. Remarkably, this effect of CREB function is not restricted to simple conditioning tasks, but also affects complex behaviours such as spatial memory and memory for socially transmitted food preferences.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00022-4

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Previous efforts to find neurobiological explanations for the advantages of distributed practice obtained evidence that spaced trials can offset memory defects in mice lacking two variants of the transcription factor CREB.
“Previous efforts to find neurobiological explanations for the advantages of distributed practice obtained evidence that spaced trials can offset memory defects in mice lacking two variants of the transcription factor CREB (31, 32).”
From Synaptic evidence for the efficacy of spaced learning (2012) · cites this paper as [31]

Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions
Morris, R. G. M., Garrud, P., Rawlins, J. N. P., & O'Keefe, J. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/297681a0 · Cited by 6,340 · see citing works
Spatial localization does not require the presence of local cues
Morris, R. G. M. (1981) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(81)90020-5 · Cited by 2,699 · see citing works
A CBP Integrator Complex Mediates Transcriptional Activation and AP-1 Inhibition by Nuclear Receptors
Kamei, Y., Xu, L., Heinzel, T., Torchia, J., Kurokawa, R., Gloss, B., Lin, S.-C., Heyman, R. A., Rose, D. W., Glass, C. K., et al. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81118-6 · Cited by 2,150 · see citing works
Phosphorylated CREB binds specifically to the nuclear protein CBP
Chrivia, J. C., Kwok, R. P. S., Lamb, N., Hagiwara, M., Montminy, M. R., & Goodman, R. H. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365855a0 · Cited by 2,052 · see citing works
Punishment and aversive behavior
Campbell, B. A., & Church, R. M. (1969) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · Cited by 2,000 · see citing works
Deficient long-term memory in mice with a targeted mutation of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein
Bourtchuladze, R., Frenguelli, B., Blendy, J., Cioffi, D., Schutz, G., & Silva, A. J. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90400-6 · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
Self-citation
Protein synthesis and memory: A review.
Davis, H. P., & Squire, L. R. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.518 · Cited by 1,505 · see citing works
Nuclear protein CBP is a coactivator for the transcription factor CREB
Kwok, R. P. S., Lundblad, J. R., Chrivia, J. C., Richards, J. P., Bächinger, H. P., Brennan, R. G., Roberts, S. G. E., Green, M. R., & Goodman, R. H. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/370223a0 · Cited by 1,443 · see citing works
Phosphorylation-induced binding and transcriptional efficacy of nuclear factor CREB
Yamamoto, K. K., Gonzalez, G. A., Biggs, W., & Montminy, M. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/334494a0 · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
Induction of a dominant negative CREB transgene specifically blocks long-term memory in Drosophila
Yin, J. C. P., Wallach, J. S., Del Vecchio, M., Wilder, E. L., Zhou, H., Quinn, W. G., & Tully, T. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90399-9 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Structural Changes Accompanying Memory Storage
Bailey, C. H., & Kandel, E. R. (1993) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.55.030193.002145 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Injection of the cAMP-responsive element into the nucleus of Aplysia sensory neurons blocks long-term facilitation
Dash, P. K., Hochner, B., & Kandel, E. R. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/345718a0 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Signaling from synapse to nucleus: postsynaptic CREB phosphorylation during multiple forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity
Deisseroth, K., Bito, H., & Tsien, R. W. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80026-4 · Cited by 698 · see citing works
CREM gene: Use of alternative DNA-binding domains generates multiple antagonists of cAMP-induced transcription
Foulkes, N. S., Borrelli, E., & Sassone‐Corsi, P. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90503-q · Cited by 656 · see citing works
CREB as a Memory Modulator: induced expression of a dCREB2 activator isoform enhances long-term memory in drosophila
Yin, J. C. P., Del Vecchio, M., Zhou, H., & Tully, T. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90375-5 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Long-Term Sensitization of a Defensive Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia
Pinsker, H. M., Hening, W. A., Carew, T. J., & Kandel, E. R. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.182.4116.1039 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Induction of CRE-Mediated Gene Expression by Stimuli That Generate Long-Lasting LTP in Area CA1 of the Hippocampus
Impey, S., Mark, M., Villacres, E. C., Poser, S., Chavkin, C., & Storm, D. R. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80120-8 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Aplysia CREB2 represses long-term facilitation: Relief of repression converts transient facilitation into long-term functional and structural change
Bartsch, D., Ghirardi, M., Skehel, P. A., Karl, K. A., Herder, S. P., Chen, M., Bailey, C. H., & Kandel, E. R. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90213-9 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
C/EBP is an immediate-early gene required for the consolidation of long-term facilitation in Aplysia
Alberini, C. M., Ghirardl, M., Metz, R., & Kandel, E. R. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90386-7 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Cellular analysis of associative learning.
Byrne, J. H. (1987) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1987.67.2.329 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Naloxone and shock-elicited freezing in the rat.
Fanselow, M. S., & Bolles, R. C. (1979) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077609 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Transfer of information concerning distant foods: A laboratory investigation of the ‘information-centre’ hypothesis
Galef, B. G., & Wigmore, S. W. (1983) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(83)80232-2 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Targeted mutation of the CREB gene: compensation within the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors.
Hümmler, E., Cole, T. J., Blendy, J. A., Ganß, R., Aguzzi, A., Schmid, W., Beermann, F., & Schütz, G. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5647 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citation
Signal transduction and gene regulation: the nuclear response to cAMP
Lalli, E., & Sassone‐Corsi, P. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32442-0 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Activation of cAMP-Responsive genes by stimuli that produce long-term facilitation in aplysia sensory neurons
Kaang, B., Kandel, E. R., & Grant, S. G. N. (1993) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(93)90331-k · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Anterograde and retrograde amnesia in rats with dorsal hippocampal or dorsomedial thalamic lesions
Winocur, G. (1990) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(90)90012-4 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Ethoexperimental Approaches to the Study of Behavior
(1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2403-1 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
The CREB family of transcription activators
Brindle, P. K., & Montminy, M. (1992) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80274-6 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Long-Term Habituation of a Defensive Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia
Carew, T. J., Pinsker, H. M., & Kandel, E. R. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.175.4020.451 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Reduction of Morphine Abstinence in Mice with a Mutation in the Gene Encoding CREB
Maldonado, R. J., Blendy, J. A., Tzavara, E. T., Gass, P., Roques, B. P., Hanoune, J., & Schütz, G. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5275.657 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citation
Selective damage to the hippocampal region blocks long‐term retention of a natural and nonspatial stimulus‐stimulus association
Bunsey, M. D., & Eichenbaum, H. (1995) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.450050606 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Carbon disulfide: A semiochemical mediating socially-induced diet choice in rats
Galef, B. G., Mason, J. R., Preti, G., & Bean, N. J. (1988) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90285-5 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Targeting of the CREB gene leads to up‐regulation of a novel CREB mRNA isoform.
Blendy, J. A., Kaestner, K. H., Schmid, W., Gass, P., & Schütz, G. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00447.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citation
Transcriptional regulation by CREB and its relatives
Lee, K. A. W., & Masson, N. (1993) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression · doi:10.1016/0167-4781(93)90191-f · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Classical Conditioning in Animals
Dickinson, A., & Mackintosh, N. J. (1978) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.29.020178.003103 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Neuronal Activity Increases the Phosphorylation of the Transcription Factor cAMP Response Element-binding Protein (CREB) in Rat Hippocampus and Cortex
Moore, A. N., Waxham, M. N., & Dash, P. K. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14214 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Morphogenesis in memory formation: synaptic and cellular mechanisms
Weiler, I. J., Hawrylak, N., & Greenough, W. T. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(94)00116-w · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Social transmission of food preferences in adult hooded rats (Rattus norvegicus).
Strupp, B. J., & Levitsky, D. A. (1984) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.98.3.257 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Transgenic approaches to cognition
Mayford, M. R., Abel, T. G., & Kandel, E. R. (1995) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0959-4388(95)80019-0 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Enhanced detection of nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesion-induced spatial learning deficit in rats by modification of training regimen
Mandel, R. J., Gage, F. H., & Thal, L. J. (1989) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(89)90004-1 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The Adaptive Function of Conditioned Defensive Behavior: An Ecological Approach to Pavlovian Stimulus-Substitution Theory
Fanselow, M. S. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2403-1_9 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Effects of kainic acid induced seizures on immediate early gene expression in mice with a targeted mutation of the CREB gene
Blendy, J. A., Schmid, W., Kiessling, M., Schütz, G., & Gass, P. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00274-t · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Function and regulation of CREB family transcription factors in the nervous system
Lonze, B. E., & Ginty, D. D. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00828-0 · Cited by 2,127 · see citing works
Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy
Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zelikowsky, M., Mystkowski, J., Chowdhury, N., & Baker, A. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.003 · Cited by 1,607 · see citing works
CREB AND MEMORY
Silva, A. J., Kogan, J. H., Frankland, P. W., & Kida, S. (1998) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.127 · Cited by 1,462 · see citing works
Self-citation
A requirement for the immediate early gene Zif268 in the expression of late LTP and long-term memories
Jones, M. W., Errington, M. L., French, P. J., Fine, A., Bliss, T., Garel, S., Charnay, P., Bozon, B., Laroche, S., & Davis, S. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/85138 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Enhance Memory and Synaptic Plasticity via CREB: CBP-Dependent Transcriptional Activation
Vecsey, C. G., Hawk, J. D., Lattal, K. M., Stein, J. M., Fabian, S., Attner, M. A., Cabrera, S. M., McDonough, C. B., Brindle, P. K., Abel, T. G., et al. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0296-07.2007 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Enrichment induces structural changes and recovery from nonspatial memory deficits in CA1 NMDAR1-knockout mice
Rampon, C., Tang, Y.-P., Goodhouse, J., Shimizu, E., Kyin, M., & Tsien, J. Z. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/72945 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Activation of ERK/MAP Kinase in the Amygdala Is Required for Memory Consolidation of Pavlovian Fear Conditioning
Schafe, G. E., Atkins, C. M., Swank, M. W., Bauer, E. P., Sweatt, J. D., & LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-21-08177.2000 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 662 · see citing works
CREB required for the stability of new and reactivated fear memories
Kida, S., Josselyn, S. A., de Ortı́z, S. P., Kogan, J. H., Chévere-Torres, I., Masushige, S., & Silva, A. J. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn819 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Self-citation
Molecular Psychology: Roles for the ERK MAP Kinase Cascade in Memory
Adams, J. P., & Sweatt, J. D. (2002) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.082701.145401 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
CREB: a multifaceted regulator of neuronal plasticity and protection: CREB in synaptic plasticity and cell survival
Sakamoto, K., Karelina, K., & Obrietan, K. (2011) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07080.x · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Different Training Procedures Recruit Either One or Two Critical Periods for Contextual Memory Consolidation, Each of Which Requires Protein Synthesis and PKA
Bourtchouladze, R., Abel, T., Berman, N., Gordon, R., Lapidus, K., & Kandel, E. R. (1998) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.5.4.365 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Stimulation of cAMP response element (CRE)-mediated transcription during contextual learning
Impey, S., Smith, D. M., Obrietan, K. H., Donahue, R. J., Wade, C. B., & Storm, D. R. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/2830 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Calcium-Stimulated Adenylyl Cyclase Activity Is Critical for Hippocampus-Dependent Long-Term Memory and Late Phase LTP
Wong, S. T., Athos, J., Figueroa, X. A., Pineda, V. V., Schaefer, M. L., Chavkin, C. C., Muglia, L. J., & Storm, D. R. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)80036-2 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Fear memory
Izquierdo, I., Furini, C. R. G., & Myskiw, J. C. (2016) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2015 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Long-Term Memory Is Facilitated by cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Overexpression in the Amygdala
Josselyn, S. A., Shi, C., Carlezon, W. A., Neve, R. L., Nestler, E. J., & Davis, M. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-07-02404.2001 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
The staufen/pumilio Pathway Is Involved in Drosophila Long-Term Memory
Dubnau, J., Chiang, A., Grady, L., Barditch, J., Gossweiler, S., McNeil, J., Smith, P., Buldoc, F., Scott, R., Certa, U., et al. (2003) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00064-2 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Neural and cellular mechanisms of fear and extinction memory formation
Orsini, C. A., & Maren, S. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.014 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Memory Consolidation for Contextual and Auditory Fear Conditioning Is Dependent on Protein Synthesis, PKA, and MAP KinasePreprint
Schafe, G. E., Nadel, N. V., Sullivan, G. M., Harris, A. Z., & LeDoux, J. E. (1999) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.6.2.97 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Invited Review: Intermittent hypoxia and respiratory plasticity
Mitchell, G. S., Baker, T. L., Nanda, S. A., Fuller, D. D., Zabka, A. G., Hodgeman, B. A., Bavis, R. W., Mack, K. J., & Olson, E. B. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2466 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Spaced stimuli stabilize MAPK pathway activation and its effects on dendritic morphology
Wu, G., Deisseroth, K. A., & Tsien, R. W. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/83976 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Impaired Long-Term Memory and NR2A-Type NMDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in Mice Lacking c-Fos in the CNS
Fleischmann, A., Hvalby, Ø., Jensen, V., Strekalova, T. V., Zacher, C., Layer, L. E., Kvello, A., Reschke, M., Spanagel, R., Sprengel, R., et al. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-27-09116.2003 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Smaller Dendritic Spines, Weaker Synaptic Transmission, but Enhanced Spatial Learning in Mice Lacking Shank1
Hung, A. Y., Futai, K., Sala, C., Valtschanoff, J. G., Ryu, J., Woodworth, M. A., Kidd, F. L., Sung, C. C., Miyakawa, T., Bear, M. F., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3032-07.2008 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Targeting the CREB pathway for memory enhancers
Tully, T., Bourtchouladze, R., Scott, R., & Tallman, J. F. (2003) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1061 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Calcium signaling in neurodegeneration
Marambaud, P., Dreses‐Werringloer, U., & Vingtdeux, V. (2009) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-4-20 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Signaling from synapse to nucleus: the logic behind the mechanisms
Deisseroth, K. A., Mermelstein, P. G., Xia, H., & Tsien, R. W. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00076-x · Cited by 350 · see citing works
GENE DISCOVERY INDROSOPHILA: New Insights for Learning and Memory
Dubnau, J., & Tully, T. (1998) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.407 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Transgenic mice expressing a truncated form of CREB-binding protein (CBP) exhibit deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory storagePreprint
Wood, M. A., Kaplan, M. P., Park, A., Blanchard, E. J., Oliveira, A. M. M., Lombardi, T. L., & Abel, T. G. (2005) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.86605 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
An Essential Role for Retinoid Receptors RARβ and RXRγ In Long-Term Potentiation and Depression
Chiang, M.-Y., Misner, D., Kempermann, G., Schikorski, T., Giguère, V., Sucov, H. M., Gage, F. H., Stevens, C. F., & Evans, R. M. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80654-6 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Memory Suppressor Genes: Inhibitory Constraints on the Storage of Long-Term Memory
Abel, T. G., Martin, K. C., Bartsch, D., & Kandel, E. R. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5349.338 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Ca2+-dependent regulation in neuronal gene expression
Bito, H., Deisseroth, K. A., & Tsien, R. W. (1997) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80072-4 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Signalling mechanisms mediated by the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt cascade in synaptic plasticity and memory in the rat
Horwood, J. M., Dufour, F., Laroche, S., & Davis, S. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04859.x · Cited by 294 · see citing works
A mitochondrial-like chaperonin 60 gene in Giardia lamblia: Evidence that diplomonads once harbored an endosymbiont related to the progenitor of mitochondria
Roger, A. J., Svärd, S. G., Tovar, J., Clark, C. G., Smith, M. W., Gillin, F. D., & Sogin, M. L. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.1.229 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
An Important Role of Neural Activity-Dependent CaMKIV Signaling in the Consolidation of Long-Term Memory
Kang, H., Sun, L. D., Atkins, C. M., Soderling, T. R., Wilson, M. A., & Tonegawa, S. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00497-4 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Rapid Activity-Dependent Modifications in Synaptic Structure and Function Require Bidirectional Wnt Signaling
Ataman, B., Ashley, J., Gorczyca, M. G., Ramachandran, P., Fouquet, W., Sigrist, S. J., & Budnik, V. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.026 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
How necessary is the activation of the immediate early gene zif268 in synaptic plasticity and learning?
Davis, S., Bozon, B., & Laroche, S. (2003) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00421-7 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Molecular and cellular cognitive studies of the role of synaptic plasticity in memory
Silva, A. J. (2002) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.10169 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citation
Behavioral profiles of inbred strains on novel olfactory, spatial and emotional tests for reference memory in mice
Holmes, A., Wrenn, C. C., Harris, A. P., Thayer, K. E., & Crawley, J. N. (2002) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1046/j.1601-1848.2001.00005.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Adult‐born neurons are necessary for extended contextual discrimination
Tronel, S., Belnoue, L., Grosjean, N., Revest, J., Piazza, P., Koehl, M., & Abrous, D. N. (2010) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20895 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Elicits Serotonin-Dependent Plasticity in the Central Neural Control of Breathing
Ling, L., Fuller, D. D., Bach, K. B., Kinkead, R., Olson, E. B., & Mitchell, G. S. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-14-05381.2001 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Learning upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger ribonucleic acid: A mechanism to facilitate encoding and circuit maintenance?
Kesslak, J. P., So, V., Choi, J., Cotman, C. W., & Gómez‐Pinilla, F. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.4.1012 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Impaired Synaptic Plasticity and cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Activation in Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type IV/Gr-Deficient Mice
Ho, N. Y., Liauw, J. A., Blaeser, F., Feng, W., Hanissian, S. H., Muglia, L. M., Wozniak, D. F., Nardi, A., Arvin, K. L., Holtzman, D. M., et al. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-17-06459.2000 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Prolonged Activation of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase during Conditioning Induces Long-Term Memory in Honeybees
Müller, U. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00017-9 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Impaired Cued and Contextual Memory in NPAS2-Deficient Mice
Garcia, J. A., Zhang, D., Estill, S. J., Michnoff, C. H., Rutter, J. P., Reick, M., Scott, K., Diaz-Arrastia, R. R., & McKnight, S. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5474.2226 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Does cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Have a Pivotal Role in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory?
Balschun, D., Wolfer, D. P., Gass, P., Mantamadiotis, T., Welzl, H., Schütz, G., Frey, J. U., & Lipp, H.-P. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-15-06304.2003 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citation
NMDA Receptors Mediate Olfactory Learning and Memory in Drosophila
Xia, S., Miyashita, T., Fu, T., Lin, W., Wu, C., Pyzocha, L., Lin, I.-R., Saitoe, M., Tully, T., & Chiang, A. (2005) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.02.059 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Adrenergic transmission facilitates extinction of conditional fear in mice
Cain, C. K., Blouin, A. M., & Barad, M. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.71504 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Neurogenesis of galanin cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and centromedial amygdala in rats: A model for sexual differentiation of neuronal phenotype
Han, T. M., & Vries, G. J. D. (1999) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(199903)38:4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Deficits in Memory Tasks of Mice with CREB Mutations Depend on Gene DosagePreprint
Gass, P., Wolfer, D. P., Balschun, D., Rudolph, D., Frey, U., Lipp, H.-P., & Schütz, G. (1998) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.5.4.274 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuroendocrinology of social information processing in rats and mice
Choleris, E., Clipperton-Allen, A. E., Phan, A., & Kavaliers, M. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.05.003 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
PKA isoforms, neural pathways, and behaviour: making the connection
Brandon, E. P., Idzerda, R. L., & McKnight, G. S. (1997) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80069-4 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Protein Synthesis Is Required for the Enhancement of Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Memory by Spaced Training
Scharf, M. T., Woo, N. H., Lattal, K. M., Young, J. Z., Nguyen, P. V., & Abel, T. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2002.87.6.2770 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Complimentary roles for hippocampal versus subicular/entorhinal place cells in coding place, context, and events
Sharp, P. E. (1999) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1999)9:4 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Genetically modified mice and cognition
Lipp, H., & Wolfer, D. P. (1998) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80151-7 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Massed and Spaced Learning in Honeybees: The Role of CS, US, the Intertrial Interval, and the Test Interval
Menzel, R., Manz, G., Menzel, R., & Greggers, U. (2001) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.40001 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Learning deficits, but normal development and tumor predisposition, in mice lacking exon 23a of Nf1
Costa, R. M., Yang, T., Huynh, D. P., Pulst, S. M., Viskochil, D. H., Silva, A. J., & Brannan, C. I. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/86898 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citation
A transcription factor-binding domain of the coactivator CBP is essential for long-term memory and the expression of specific target genesPreprint
Wood, M. A., Attner, M. A., Oliveira, A. M. M., Brindle, P. K., & Abel, T. G. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.213906 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Synaptic evidence for the efficacy of spaced learning
Kramár, E. A., Babayan, A. H., Gavin, C. F., Cox, C. D., Jafari, M., Gall, C. M., Rumbaugh, G., & Lynch, G. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1120700109 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Reconsolidation of a Long-Term Memory inLymnaeaRequires New Protein and RNA Synthesis and the Soma of Right Pedal Dorsal 1
Sangha, S., Scheibenstock, A., & Lukowiak, K. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-22-08034.2003 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Environmental enrichment: Effects on spatial memory and hippocampal CREB immunoreactivity
Williams, B. M., Luo, Y. M., Ward, C. P., Redd, K. J., Gibson, R., Kuczaj, S. A., & McCoy, J. G. (2001) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00543-1 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Abnormal Hippocampal Spatial Representations in αCaMKII T286A and CREB αΔ− Mice
Cho, Y. H., Giese, K. P., Tanila, H., Silva, A. J., & Eichenbaum, H. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5352.867 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citation
A new chapter in the field of memory: adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Koehl, M., & Abrous, D. N. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07609.x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Fish microsporidia: fine structural diversity and phylogeny
Lom, J., & Nilsen, F. (2003) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(02)00252-7 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Forgetting as a form of adaptive engram cell plasticity
Ryan, T. J., & Frankland, P. W. (2022) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00548-3 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reducing mind to molecular pathways: explicating the reductionism implicit in current cellular and molecular neuroscience
Bickle, J. (2006) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-006-9015-2 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein in the mouse brain after fear conditioning: relationship to Fos production
Stanciu, M., Radulović, J., & Spiess, J. (2001) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00174-7 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Specific requirement of NMDA receptors for long-term memory consolidation in Drosophila ellipsoid body
Wu, C., Xia, S., Fu, T., Wang, H., Chen, Y.-H., Leong, D. J., Chiang, A., & Tully, T. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2005 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Galanin transgenic mice display cognitive and neurochemical deficits characteristic of Alzheimer's disease
Steiner, R. A., Hohmann, J. G., Holmes, A., Wrenn, C. C., Cadd, G., Juréus, A., Clifton, D. K., Luo, M., Gutshall, M., Ma, S. Y., et al. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.061445598 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
CRE-Mediated Gene Transcription in Neocortical Neuronal Plasticity during the Developmental Critical Period
Pham, T. A., Impey, S., Storm, D. R., & Stryker, M. P. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80679-0 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The mouse: genetics meets behaviour
Bućan, M., & Abel, T. G. (2002) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg728 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Automated assessment of Pavlovian conditioned freezing and shock reactivity in mice using the VideoFreeze system
Anagnostaras, S. G. (2010) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00158 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Regulation of Memory Formation by the Transcription Factor XBP1
Martínez, G., Vidal, R. L., Mardones, P., Serrano, F. G., Ardiles, A. O., Wirth, C., Valdés, P., Thielen, P., Schneider, B. L., Kerr, B., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.028 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Impaired long-term spatial and recognition memory and enhanced CA1 hippocampal LTP in the dystrophin-deficient Dmdmdx mouse
Vaillend, C., Billard, J.-M., & Laroche, S. (2004) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2004.05.004 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The multiplicity of experimental protocols: a challenge to reductionist and non-reductionist models of the unity of neuroscience
Sullivan, J. A. (2008) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-008-9389-4 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Behavioral phenotyping of GFAP-ApoE3 and -ApoE4 transgenic mice: ApoE4 mice show profound working memory impairments in the absence of Alzheimer’s-like neuropathology.
Hartman, R. E., Wozniak, D. F., Nardi, A., Olney, J. W., Sartorius, L., & Holtzman, D. M. (2001) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7715 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Reduced K+ Channel Inactivation, Spike Broadening, and After-Hyperpolarization in Kvβ1.1-Deficient Mice with Impaired LearningPreprint
Giese, K. P., Storm, J. F., Reuter, D., Fedorov, N. B., Shao, L.-R., Leicher, T., Pongs, O., & Silva, A. J. (1998) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.5.4.257 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citation
Selectively enhanced contextual fear conditioning in mice lacking the transcriptional regulator CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ
Sterneck, E., Paylor, R. E., Jackson-Lewis, V. R., Libbey, M., Przedborski, S., Tessarollo, L., Crawley, J. N., & Johnson, P. F. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10908 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Selective Engagement of Plasticity Mechanisms for Motor Memory Storage
Boyden, E. S., Katoh, A., Pyle, J. L., Chatila, T. A., Tsien, R. W., & Raymond, J. L. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.026 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Reinstatement of long-term memory following erasure of its behavioral and synaptic expression in Aplysia
Chen, S., Cai, D., Pearce, K. C., Sun, P. Y., Roberts, A. C., & Glanzman, D. L. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.03896 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Temporally massed CS presentations generate more fear extinction than spaced presentations.
Cain, C. K., Blouin, A. M., & Barad, M. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.29.4.323 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Neuroketotherapeutics: A modern review of a century-old therapy
Koppel, S. J., & Swerdlow, R. H. (2017) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.019 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Consolidation of CS and US representations in associative fear conditioning
Frankland, P., Josselyn, S., Anagnostaras, S., Kogan, J., Takahashi, E., & Silva, A. J. (2004) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.10208 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hippocampus-dependent learning and memory is impaired in mice lacking the Ras-guanine-nucleotide releasing factor 1 (Ras-GRF1)
Giese, K.-P., Friedman, E. L., Telliez, J., Fedorov, N. B., Wines, M., Feig, L. A., & Silva, A. J. (2001) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00096-x · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citation
Inducible repression of CREB function disrupts amygdala-dependent memory
Josselyn, S. A. (2004) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2004.05.008 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Effects of rolipram on scopolamine-induced impairment of working and reference memory in the radial-arm maze tests in rats
Zhang, H., & O’Donnell, J. M. (2000) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130000414 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Neuroimaging of Reading Intervention: A Systematic Review and Activation Likelihood Estimate Meta-Analysis
Barquero, L. A., Davis, N., & Cutting, L. E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083668 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Ibotenate lesions of the hippocampus impair spatial learning but not contextual fear conditioning in mice
Cho, Y. H., Friedman, E. L., & Silva, A. J. (1998) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(98)00054-0 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citation
Systemic blockade of D2-like dopamine receptors facilitates extinction of conditioned fear in micePreprint
Ponnusamy, R., Nissim, H. A., & Barad, M. (2005) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.96605 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Social deficits, stereotypy and early emergence of repetitive behavior in the C58/J inbred mouse strain
Ryan, B. C., Young, N. B., Crawley, J. N., Bodfish, J. W., & Moy, S. S. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.11.031 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
BDNF and learning: Evidence that instrumental training promotes learning within the spinal cord by up-regulating BDNF expression
Gómez‐Pinilla, F., Huie, J. R., Ying, Z., Ferguson, A. R., Crown, E. D., Baumbauer, K. M., Edgerton, V. R., & Grau, J. W. (2007) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.05.051 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system.
Holland, L., & Holland, N. (1999) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00003-3 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Genetic Approaches to Investigate the Role of CREB in Neuronal Plasticity and Memory
Barco, A., & Marie, H. (2011) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-011-8209-x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Genetic Evidence for a Role of CREB in Sustained Cortical Arousal
Graves, L. A., Hellman, K. M., Veasey, S. C., Blendy, J. A., Pack, A. I., & Abel, T. G. (2003) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00882.2002 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prenatal choline supplementation advances hippocampal development and enhances MAPK and CREB activation
Mellott, T. J., Williams, C. L., Meck, W. H., & Blusztajn, J. K. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.03-0877fje · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Spaced Training Forms Complementary Long-Term Memories of Opposite Valence in Drosophila
Jacob, P. F., & Waddell, S. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.03.013 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Learning Performance of Normal and MutantDrosophilaafter Repeated Conditioning Trials with Discrete Stimuli
Beck, C. D. O., Schroeder, B., & Davis, R. L. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-08-02944.2000 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Continuing the search for the engram: examining the mechanism of fear memories
Josselyn, S. A. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.100015 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Social transmission of food preference in mice: Methodology and application to galanin-overexpressing transgenic mice.
Wrenn, C. C., Harris, A. P., Saavedra, M. C., & Crawley, J. N. (2003) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.117.1.21 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Aversive olfactory learning and associative long-term memory in Caenorhabditis elegansPreprint
Amano, H., & MARUYAMA, I. N. (2011) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.2224411 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Behavioral analysis of CREB αΔ mutation on a B6/129 F1 hybrid background
Graves, L. A., Dalvi, A., Lucki, I., Blendy, J. A., & Abel, T. G. (2002) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.10003 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citation

Deficient long-term memory in mice with a targeted mutation of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein
Bourtchuladze, R., Frenguelli, B., Blendy, J., Cioffi, D., Schutz, G., & Silva, A. J. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90400-6 · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
Self-citation
Chapter XIII CREB, plasticity and memory
Josselyn, S. A., Kida, S., de Ortı́z, S. P., & Silva, A. J. (2002) · Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/s0924-8196(02)80024-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fear-potentiated startle, but not prepulse inhibition of startle, is impaired in CREB-super(αδ-/- ) mutant mice.
Falls, W. A., Kogan, J. H., Silva, A. J., Willott, J. F., Carlson, S., & Turner, J. G. (2000) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.114.5.998 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Deficits in Memory Tasks of Mice with CREB Mutations Depend on Gene DosagePreprint
Gass, P., Wolfer, D. P., Balschun, D., Rudolph, D., Frey, U., Lipp, H.-P., & Schütz, G. (1998) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.5.4.274 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increasing CREB in the dorsal hippocampus is sufficient to induce spatial memory
Josselyn, S. A. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/conf.neuro.03.2009.17.051

Authors: Kogan, J. H., Frankland, P. W., Blendy, J. A., Coblentz, J., Marowitz, Z., Schütz, G., & Silva, A. J.
Affiliations: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (US)
German Cancer Research Center (DE)
Corresponding author: Silva, Alcino J
ORCID: Frankland, Paul W
Blendy, Julie A
Silva, Alcino J
Venue: Current Biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1997-01
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-11
ISSN: 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00022-4
OpenAlex: W2015839373
Cited by: 350
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 15.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 6041 d)
Locations: Current Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Whitehall Foundation
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
National Institutes of Health (5p01hd033098-03)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD33098)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: CREB, long-term memory, spaced training, intertrial interval, contextual fear conditioning, spatial learning, olfactory conditioning, memory consolidation
MeSH terms: Animals, Conditioning, Psychological, Female, Food Preferences, Male, Memory, Mice, Mutant Strains, Time Factors, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein, Maze Learning, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Spaced training induces normal long-term memory in CREB mutant mice

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks