The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prepulse Inhibition Deficits and Perseverative Motor Patterns in Dopamine Transporter Knock-Out Mice: Differential Effects of D1 and D2 Receptor Antagonists
Open accessAbstract
Dopamine is known to regulate several behavioral phenomena, including sensorimotor gating and aspects of motor activity. The roles of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in these behaviors have been documented in the rat literature, but few reports exist on their role in mice. We used dopamine transporter (DAT) (−/−) mice to examine the behavioral consequences of a chronically hyperdopaminergic state, challenging them with the preferential dopamine D2 receptor antagonist raclopride and D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390. At baseline, DAT (−/−) mice exhibited deficient sensorimotor gating as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, exhibited nonfocal perseverative patterns of locomotion, and were hyperactive in a novel environment. Pretreatment with raclopride significantly increased PPI in the DAT (−/−) mice, whereas SCH23390 had no significant effect. Blockade of D2 receptors did not affect the predominantly straight patterns of motor behavior produced by the DAT (−/−) mice, but antagonism of D1 receptors significantly attenuated the perseverative patterns, producing more of a meandering behavior seen in the DAT (+/+) control mice. Both D1 and D2 receptor antagonists decreased the hyperactivity seen in the DAT (−/−) mice. These findings support the role of the D2, but not the D1, receptor in the modulation of PPI in mice. Furthermore, D1 receptor activation appears to be the critical substrate for the expression of perseverative patterns of motor behavior, whereas both D1 and D2 receptors appear to regulate the amount of motor activity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The DAT knockout mice phenotypes resemble amphetamine-like effects, and both hyperlocomotion and PPI deficits can be reversed with either D1 or D2 receptor antagonists [376], the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and quetiapine [377], various antidepressant drugs, and monoamine transporter inhibitors [378].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [376]
In the citing paper
“Mice lacking the DAT gene display markedly increased levels of DA in the mesolimbic system and striatum [373], that results in hyperlocomoter behaviors [373,374] and also deficits in PPI [375,376].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [376]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter
Giros, B., Jaber, M., Jones, S. R., Wightman, R. M., & Caron, M. G. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379606a0 · Cited by 2,476
Self-citationGenetics of Mouse Behavior: Interactions with Laboratory Environment
Crabbe, J. C., Wahlsten, D., & Dudek, B. C. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5420.1670 · Cited by 1,666
The more or less startling effects of weak prestimulation
Graham, F. K. (1975) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01284.x · Cited by 1,119
Gating and Habituation of the Startle Reflex in Schizophrenic Patients
Braff, D. L. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820030038005 · Cited by 1,027
Hoffman, H. S., & Ison, J. R. (1980) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.87.2.175 · Cited by 780
Profound neuronal plasticity in response to inactivation of the dopamine transporter
Jones, S. R., Gainetdinov, R. R., Jaber, M., Giros, B., Wightman, R. M., & Caron, M. G. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.4029 · Cited by 712
Self-citationDopaminergic stimulation disrupts sensorimotor gating in the rat
Mansbach, R. S., Geyer, M. A., & BRAFF, D. L. (1988) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00212846 · Cited by 606
Self-citationSensorimotor gating in boys with Tourette's syndrome and ADHD: Preliminary results
Castellanos, F. X., Fine, E. J., Kaysen, D. L., Marsh, W., Rapoport, J. L., & Hallett, M. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00101-8 · Cited by 395
A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
Swerdlow, N. R., Benbow, C. H., Zisook, S., Geyer, M. A., & BRAFF, D. L. (1993) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90300-3 · Cited by 351
Self-citationCadenhead, K. S., Geyer, M. A., & BRAFF, D. L. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.12.1862 · Cited by 307
Self-citationLoss of autoreceptor functions in mice lacking the dopamine transporter
Jones, S. R., Gainetdinov, R. R., Hu, X., Cooper, D., Wightman, R. M., White, F. J., & Caron, M. G. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/10204 · Cited by 251
Self-citationSwerdlow, N. R., Keith, V. A., BRAFF, D. L., & Geyer, M. A. (1990) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)23018-x · Cited by 247
Self-citationMeasurement of Startle Response, Prepulse Inhibition, and Habituation
Geyer, M. A., & Swerdlow, N. R. (1998) · Current Protocols in Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/0471142301.ns0807s03 · Cited by 219
Self-citationMultivariate assessment of locomotor behavior: Pharmacological and behavioral analyses
Geyer, M. A., Russo, P. V., & Masten, V. L. (1986) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(86)90266-2 · Cited by 215
Self-citationPerseveration in Schizophrenia
Crider, A. B. (1997) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/23.1.63 · Cited by 181
Ralph, R. J., Varty, G. B., Kelly, M. A., Wang, Y.-M., Caron, M. G., Rubinstein, M., Grandy, D. K., Low, M. J., & Geyer, M. A. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-11-04627.1999 · Cited by 174
Self-citationEffects of apomorphine and amphetamine on patterns of locomotor and investigatory behavior in rats
Geyer, M. A., Russo, P. V., Segal, D. S., & Kuczenski, R. T. (1987) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(87)90460-6 · Cited by 161
Self-citationPeng, R. Y., Mansbach, R. S., BRAFF, D. L., & Geyer, M. A. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 137
Self-citationA temporal and spatial scaling hypothesis for the behavioral effects of psychostimulants
Paulus, M. P., & Geyer, M. A. (1991) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244547 · Cited by 134
Self-citationDulawa, S. C., Hen, R., Scearce-Levie, K. A., & Geyer, M. A. (1997) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050328 · Cited by 122
Self-citationO‘Neill, M. F., & Shaw, G. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130051055 · Cited by 122
Paulus, M. P., Dulawa, S. C., Ralph, R. J., & Geyer, M. A. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01137-3 · Cited by 117
Self-citationPsychopharmacology of prepulse inhibition in mice.
Dulawa, S. C., & Geyer, M. A. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 91
Self-citationDo ? Interactions Regulate Prepulse Inhibition in Rats?
Fang-Jung, W. (1996) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00133-x · Cited by 79
Differential effects of D1 and D2 dopamine agonists on stereotyped locomotion in rats
Eilam, D., Clements, K. V. A., & Szechtman, H. (1991) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80077-4 · Cited by 64
Effects of phencyclidne (PCP) and (+)MK-801 on sensorimotor gating in CD-1 mice
Curzon, P., & Decker, M. W. (1998) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(97)00184-x · Cited by 58
Paulus, M. P., & Geyer, M. A. (1991) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0278-5846(91)90018-v · Cited by 48
Self-citationPaulus, M. P., Callaway, C. W., & Geyer, M. A. (1993) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245696 · Cited by 30
Self-citationAmphetamine-Induced Locomotor Stereotypy in Rats Is Reduced by a D but not a D Antagonist
Fritts, M. E., Mueller, K., & Morris, L. (1997) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00308-0 · Cited by 24
Swerdlow, N. R. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00066-3 · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Paulus, 1997, Dopamine transporter (DAT) (+/−) and (−/−) mice exhibit graded changes in geometric patterns of locomotor behavior., Soc Neurosci Abstr, 23, 722.1
- Ralph, 1997, Prepulse inhibition deficits in dopamine transporter (DAT) knockout mice., Soc Neurosci Abstr, 23, 722.3
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Geyer, M. A., Krebs-Thomson, K., Braff, D. L., & Swerdlow, N. R. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100811 · Cited by 1,484
Self-citationDopamine: Functions, Signaling, and Association with Neurological Diseases
Klein, M. O., Battagello, D. S., Cardoso, A. R., Hauser, D. N., Bittencourt, J. C., & Correa, R. G. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-018-0632-3 · Cited by 1,073
Beaulieu, J., Sotnikova, T. D., Yao, W., Kockeritz, L. K., Woodgett, J. R., Gainetdinov, R. R., & Caron, M. G. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0307921101 · Cited by 815
Self-citationZweifel, L. S., Parker, J. G., Lobb, C. J., Rainwater, A., Wall, V. Z., Fadok, J. P., Darvas, M., Kim, M. J., Mizumori, S. J. Y., Paladini, C. A., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0813415106 · Cited by 426
Monoamine Transporters: From Genes to Behavior
Gainetdinov, R. R., & Caron, M. G. (2003) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.050802.112309 · Cited by 398
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Ralph, R. J., Paulus, M. P., Fumagalli, F., Caron, M. G., & Geyer, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2001-01-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 305-313
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6762423
- OpenAlex
- W2133067994
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health (5r01da011277-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31-MH-12806, MH42228, R37MH042228, R01MH042228, R01MH061326)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 02925, R01DA002925, DA11277)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- prepulse inhibition, sensorimotor gating, dopamine transporter knockout mice, dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, raclopride, SCH 23390, locomotor hyperactivity, hyperdopaminergic state
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Benzazepines, Carrier Proteins, Female, Heterozygote, Homozygote, Hyperkinesis, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Injections, Subcutaneous, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Motor Activity, Movement Disorders, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neural Inhibition, Sex Factors, Reflex, Startle, Receptors, Dopamine D1, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Mice, Knockout, Dopamine Antagonists, Raclopride, Membrane Transport Proteins, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice, Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
