Cited by 29Action Observation and SynchronizationEEG and Brain-Computer InterfacesDiversity and Impact of Dance

EEG of the Dancing Brain: Decoding Sensory, Motor, and Social Processes during Dyadic Dance

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Bigand, Félix, Bianco, Roberta, Abalde, Sara F., Nguyen, Trinh, Novembre, Giacomo·2025·The Journal of Neuroscience

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Abstract

Real-world social cognition requires processing and adapting to multiple dynamic information streams. Interpreting neural activity in such ecological conditions remains a key challenge for neuroscience. This study leverages advancements in denoising techniques and multivariate modeling to extract interpretable EEG signals from pairs of (male and/or female) participants engaged in spontaneous dyadic dance. Using multivariate temporal response functions (mTRFs), we investigated how music acoustics, self-generated kinematics, other-generated kinematics, and social coordination uniquely contributed to EEG activity. Electromyogram recordings from ocular, face, and neck muscles were also modeled to control for artifacts. The mTRFs effectively disentangled neural signals associated with four processes: (I) auditory tracking of music, (II) control of self-generated movements, (III) visual monitoring of partner movements, and (IV) visual tracking of social coordination. We show that the first three neural signals are driven by event-related potentials: the P50-N100-P200 triggered by acoustic events, the central lateralized movement-related cortical potentials triggered by movement initiation, and the occipital N170 triggered by movement observation. Notably, the (previously unknown) neural marker of social coordination encodes the spatiotemporal alignment between dancers, surpassing the encoding of self- or partner-related kinematics taken alone. This marker emerges when partners can see each other, exhibits a topographical distribution over occipital areas, and is specifically driven by movement observation rather than initiation. Using data-driven kinematic decomposition, we further show that vertical bounce movements best drive observers’ EEG activity. These findings highlight the potential of real-world neuroimaging, combined with multivariate modeling, to uncover the mechanisms underlying complex yet natural social behaviors.

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  • The paradigm does not entail providing participants with any shared stimulus or task, thereby minimizing the likelihood of synchrony arising from common external input (stimulus-driven synchrony).

    “Notably, this paradigm does not entail providing participants with any shared stimulus or task (cf. [49, 50, 51]), thereby minimizing the likelihood of synchrony arising from common external input, that is, stimulus‐driven synchrony [52, 53].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Luck SJ (2014) An introduction to the event-related potential technique, Ed 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  2. Mithen SJ (2006) The singing Neanderthals: the origins of music, language, mind, and body. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

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Authors
Bigand, F., Bianco, R., Abalde, S. F., Nguyen, T., & Novembre, G.
Affiliations
Italian Institute of Technology (IT)
Corresponding author
  • Bigand, Félix
  • Novembre, Giacomo
Venue
The Journal of Neuroscience
Published
2025-04-14
Volume
45
Issue
21
Pages
e2372242025
ISSN
  • 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2401
OpenAlex
W4409427889
Cited by
21
References
83
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 10
FWCI
23.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • European Research Council (948186)
  • European Union MSCA (101064334, 101105726)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Diversity and Impact of Dance
Keywords
social coordination, event-related potentials, movement-related potentials, N170, movement observation, self-generated movement, kinematic decomposition, social cognition, EEG denoising
MeSH terms
Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain, Dancing, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Young Adult

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