The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Active Avoidance Learning Requires Prefrontal Suppression of Amygdala-Mediated Defensive Reactions
Open accessAbstract
Signaled active avoidance (AA) paradigms train subjects to prevent an aversive outcome by performing a learned behavior during the presentation of a conditioned cue. This complex form of conditioning involves pavlovian and instrumental components, which produce competing behavioral responses that must be reconciled for the subject to successfully avoid an aversive stimulus. In signaled AA paradigm for rat, we tested the hypothesis that the instrumental component of AA training recruits infralimbic prefrontal cortex (ilPFC) to inhibit central amygdala (CeA)-mediated Pavlovian reactions. Pretraining lesions of ilPFC increased conditioned freezing while causing a corresponding decrease in avoidance; lesions of CeA produced opposite effects, reducing freezing and facilitating avoidance behavior. Pharmacological inactivation experiments demonstrated that ilPFC is relevant to both acquisition and expression phases of AA learning. Inactivation experiments also revealed that AA produces an ilPFC-mediated diminution of pavlovian reactions that extends beyond the training context, even when the conditioned stimulus is presented in an environment that does not allow the avoidance response. Finally, injection of a protein synthesis inhibitor into either ilPFC or CeA impaired or facilitated AA, respectively, showing that avoidance training produces two opposing memory traces in these regions. These data support a model in which AA learning recruits ilPFC to inhibit CeA-mediated defense behaviors, leading to a robust suppression of freezing that generalizes across environments. Thus, ilPFC functions as an inhibitory interface, allowing instrumental control over an aversive outcome to attenuate the expression of freezing and other reactions to conditioned threat.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Prior rodent research has demonstrated that behavioral control over an aversive stimulus reduces Pavlovian threat responses, even when control is no longer possible, and involves the vmPFC and striatum (Baratta et al., 2007; Cain and LeDoux, 2007; Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013; Ramirez et al., 2015).”
From Active avoidance: Neural mechanisms and attenuation of pavlovian conditioned responding (2017) · cites this paper as Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The vmPFC is proposed to toggle between these different output paths of the amygdala, shifting the flow of information to promote aversively motivated action instead of Pavlovian freezing responses (Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013; Ramirez et al., 2015).”
From Active avoidance: Neural mechanisms and attenuation of pavlovian conditioned responding (2017) · cites this paper as Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This indicates that plasticity in the IL is critical for the persistent reduction of conditioned responses with avoidance [112].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“One benefit of avoidance learning over extinction for controlling threat reactions is that avoidance learning results in a persistent reduction in the passive conditioned response, even when the avoidance action is no longer available [112].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Both the acquisition of avoidance, and the reduction of the persistent conditioned threat reaction following avoidance learning, are blocked by the injection of protein synthesis inhibitors into the IL.”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The central nucleus and its brainstem-mediated behavioral output (freezing) are inhibited in avoidance learning (Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013).”
From Active avoidance: Neural mechanisms and attenuation of pavlovian conditioned responding (2017) · cites this paper as Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Research in rats has suggested that vmPFC activity may mediate the persistent effects of behavioral control on reduction of Pavlovian responses (Baratta et al., 2007; Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013).”
From Active avoidance: Neural mechanisms and attenuation of pavlovian conditioned responding (2017) · cites this paper as Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Our finding of a between-group difference in vmPFC BOLD signal during cue presentation in late Avoidance/Extinction and Retrieval (at an uncorrected threshold) is also consistent with the rodent literature suggesting a key role for the vmPFC in avoidance learning and its subsequent behavioral consequences (Baratta et al., 2007; Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013).”
From Active avoidance: Neural mechanisms and attenuation of pavlovian conditioned responding (2017) · cites this paper as Moscarello and LeDoux, 2013
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
Self-citationCoping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology
Koolhaas, J. M., Korte, S. M., De Boer, S. F., Van Der Vegt, B. J., Van Reenen, C. G., Hopster, H., De Jong, I. C., Ruis, M. A. W., & Blokhuis, H. J. (1999) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00026-3 · Cited by 2,875
Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction
Milad, M. R., & Quirk, G. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01138 · Cited by 1,836 · cited 1×
“Although ilPFC can attenuate CeA activity and the reactive behaviors it governs (Milad and Quirk, 2002; Quirk et al., 2003; Likhtik et al., 2005), this must occur via an intervening mechanism for excitatory cortical inputs to inhibit amygdalar outputs.”
BackgroundSpecies-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning
Bolles, R. C. (1970) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0028589 · Cited by 1,610
Rethinking the Emotional Brain
LeDoux, J. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,594 · cited 1×
“Thus, by gaining control over US delivery, subjects successfully inhibit the expression of deeply instated behavioral reactions that normally prevail in situations of expected threat (Fanselow and Lester, 1988; Blanchard et al., 2005; LeDoux, 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLeDoux, J., Iwata, J., Cicchetti, P., & Reis, D. (1988) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-07-02517.1988 · Cited by 1,580
Self-citationSesack, S. R., Deutch, A. Y., Roth, R. H., & Bunney, B. S. (1989) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902900205 · Cited by 1,568
Neuronal signalling of fear memory
Maren, S., & Quirk, G. J. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1535 · Cited by 1,428
Sierra-Mercado, D., Padilla-Coreano, N., & Quirk, G. J. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.184 · Cited by 1,190
Neural organization of the defensive behavior system responsible for fear
Fanselow, M. S. (1994) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210947 · Cited by 1,000
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Pavlov IP (1927) Conditioned reflexes (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 277
Al-Amin, M. M., Sullivan, R., Kurniawan, N. D., & Burne, T. H. J. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01840-w · Cited by 27
Wang, H., Flores, R. J., Yarur, H. E., Limoges, A., Bravo-Rivera, H., Casello, S. M., Loomba, N., Enríquez-Traba, J., Arenivar, M. A., Wang, Q., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.015 · Cited by 25
Malan, L., Hamer, M., von Känel, R., Lambert, G. W., Delport, R., Steyn, H. S., & Malan, N. T. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.492 · Cited by 25
Hanson, J. E., Meilandt, W. J., Gogineni, A., Reynen, P., Herrington, J. B., Weimer, R. M., Scearce-Levie, K. A., & Zhou, Q. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5106-13.2014 · Cited by 26
Soler‐Cedeño, O., Torres-Rodríguez, O. I., Bernard, F., Maldonado, L., Hernández, A., & Porter, J. T. (2019) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0354-18.2019 · Cited by 25
Antunes, G. F., Gouveia, F. V., Rezende, F. S., Seno, M. D. D. J., de Carvalho, M. C., de Oliveira, C. C., dos Santos, L. C. T., de Castro, M. C., Kuroki, M. A., Teixeira, M. J., et al. (2020) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100219 · Cited by 26
Gorka, A. X., LaBar, K. S., & Hariri, A. R. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.036 · Cited by 24
Halladay, L. R., & Blair, H. T. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23736 · Cited by 27
A systems-neuroscience model of phasic dopamine.
Mollick, J., Hazy, T. E., Krueger, K. A., Nair, A., Mackie, P., Herd, S. A., & O’Reilly, R. C. (2020) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000199 · Cited by 23
Madur, L., Ineichen, C., Bergamini, G., Greter, A., Poggi, G., Cuomo-Haymour, N., Sigrist, H., Sych, Y., Paterna, J., Bornemann, K. D., et al. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04811-4 · Cited by 24
Issa, H. A., Staes, N., Diggs-Galligan, S., Stimpson, C. D., Gendron‐Fitzpatrick, A., Taglialatela, J. P., Hof, P. R., Hopkins, W. D., & Sherwood, C. C. (2018) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-018-1751-9 · Cited by 24
Manning, E. E., Bradfield, L. A., & Iordanova, M. D. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.030 · Cited by 23
Neuronal coding mechanisms mediating fear behavior
Rozeske, R. R., & Herry, C. (2018) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.017 · Cited by 24
Population-level coding of avoidance learning in medial prefrontal cortex
Ehret, B., Boehringer, R., Amadei, E. A., Cervera, M. R., Henning, C., Galgali, A. R., Mante, V., & Grewe, B. F. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01704-5 · Cited by 22
Contribution of Emotional and Motivational Neurocircuitry to Cue-Signaled Active Avoidance Learning
Ilango, A., Shumake, J., Wetzel, W., & Ohl, F. W. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00372 · Cited by 23
Cigarroa, I., Lalanza, J. F., Caimari, A., Bas-Prior, J. M. D., Capdevila, L., Arola, L., & Escorihuela, R. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153687 · Cited by 20
Ausas, M. S., Mazzitelli-Fuentes, L., Román, F. R., Crichigno, S. A., Vincenti, A. P. D., & Mongiat, L. A. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.006 · Cited by 20
Widman, A. J., Cohen, J. L., McCoy, C. R., Unroe, K. A., Glover, M. E., Khan, A. U., Bredemann, T. M., McMahon, L. L., & Clinton, S. M. (2019) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23092 · Cited by 21
Distributed and Multifaceted Effects of Threat and Safety
Morrow, K., Murty, D. V. P. S., Kim, J., Song, S., Hu, K., & Pessoa, L. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01807 · Cited by 18
Moscarello, J. M. (2020) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.050377.119 · Cited by 20
Self-citationBayer, H., Hassell, J. E., Oleksiak, C. R., Garcia, G. M., Vaughan, H. L., Juliano, V. A. L., & Maren, S. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01961-9 · Cited by 17
Diverse Effects of Conditioned Threat Stimuli on BehaviorPreprint
Moscarello, J. M., & LeDoux, J. E. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2014.79.024968 · Cited by 24
Self-citationCampese, V. D., Gonzaga, R., Moscarello, J. M., & LeDoux, J. E. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00293 · Cited by 18
Self-citationAn Associative Account of Avoidance
Gillan, C. M., Urcelay, G. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118650813.ch17 · Cited by 18
Developmentally distinct architectures in top–down pathways controlling threat avoidance
Klune, C. B., Goodpaster, C. M., Gongwer, M. W., Gabriel, C., An, J., Chen, R., Jones, N. S., Williams, O. H., Shari, M., Ramirez, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01890-w · Cited by 30
A sex-specific role for the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in proactive defensive behavior
Guerra, D. P., Wang, W., de Souza, K. A., & Moscarello, J. M. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01581-9 · Cited by 20
Self-citationDivergent encoding of active avoidance behavior in corticostriatal and corticolimbic projections
Kajs, B. L., Loewke, A. C., Dorsch, J. M., Vinson, L. T., & Gunaydin, L. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14930-3 · Cited by 17
Behavioral outputs and overlapping circuits between conditional fear and active avoidance
Diehl, M. M., Moscarello, J. M., & Trask, S. (2024) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107943 · Cited by 16
Self-citationEmotional Stress as a Risk for Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africans: Are We Ignoring the Odds?
Malan, L., & Malan, N. T. (2016) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2016_37 · Cited by 15
Avoidance Behavioral Difference in Acquisition and Extinction of Pain-Related Fear
Nishi, Y., Osumi, M., Nobusako, S., Takeda, K., & Morioka, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00236 · Cited by 15
A Nucleus Accumbens Tac1 Neural Circuit Regulates Avoidance Responses to Aversive Stimuli
He, Z., Xi, K., Liu, K.-J., Yue, M.-H., Wang, Y., Yin, Y.-Y., Liu, L., He, X., Yu, H., Xing, Z., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24054346 · Cited by 15
Integrating precision medicine in the study and clinical treatment of a severely mentally ill person
O'Rawe, J., Fang, H., Rynearson, S. G., Robison, R. J., Kiruluta, E. S., Higgins, G. A., Eilbeck, K. L., Reese, M. G., & Lyon, G. J. (2013) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.177 · Cited by 16
Beck, K. D., Jiao, X., Smith, I. M., Myers, C. E., Pang, K. C. H., & Servatius, R. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00403 · Cited by 14
Pentkowski, N. S., Tovote, P., Zavala, A. R., Litvin, Y., Blanchard, D. C., Spiess, J., & Blanchard, R. J. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.06.008 · Cited by 14
Ferrara, N. C., Mrackova, E., Loh, M. K., Padival, M., & Rosenkranz, J. A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21083008 · Cited by 14
Defensive freezing and its relation to approach-avoidance decision-making under threatPreprint
Klaassen, F. H., Held, L. K., Figner, B., O’Reilly, J. X., Klumpers, F., de Voogd, L. D., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428809 · Cited by 14
Neural substrates of fear-induced hypophagia in male and female rats
Reppucci, C. J., & Petrovich, G. D. (2018) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-018-1668-3 · Cited by 14
Reducing shock imminence eliminates poor avoidance in ratsPreprint
Laughlin, L. C., Moloney, D. M., Samels, S. B., Sears, R. M., & Cain, C. K. (2020) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.051557.120 · Cited by 13
Triggering Different Brain States Using Asynchronous Serial Communication to the Rat Amygdala
Mourão, F. A. G., Lockmann, A. L. V., Castro, G. P., Medeiros, D. D. C., Pádua-Reis, M., Pereira, G. S., Massensini, A. R., & Moraes, M. F. D. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu313 · Cited by 12
The two‐step task, avoidance, and OCD
Geramita, M. A., Yttri, E. A., & Ahmari, S. E. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24594 · Cited by 12
Penzo, M. A., & Moscarello, J. M. (2023) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2023.06.006 · Cited by 12
Self-citationPrefrontal circuits encode both general danger and specific threat representations
Martín‐Fernández, M., Menegolla, A. P., Lopez-Fernandez, G., Winke, N., Jercog, D., Kim, H.-R., Girard, D., Déjean, C., & Herry, C. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01472-8 · Cited by 16
Salah, H., Rassoul, R. A., Medlej, Y., Asdikian, R., Hajjar, H., Dagher, S., Darwich, M., Fakih, C., & Obeid, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.682927 · Cited by 12
Benke, C., Krause, E., Hamm, A. O., & Pané‐Farré, C. A. (2017) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.013 · Cited by 12
Logan, T., & Lynch, K. R. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211035865 · Cited by 11
Transformations in prefrontal ensemble activity underlying rapid threat avoidance learning
Gabriel, C., Gupta, T. A., Sánchez-Fuentes, A., Zeidler, Z., Wilke, S. A., & DeNardo, L. A. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.010 · Cited by 11
Dopaminergic projections to the prefrontal cortex are critical for rapid threat avoidance learning
Zeidler, Z., Gomez, M. F., Gupta, T. A., Shari, M., Wilke, S. A., & DeNardo, L. A. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.07.035 · Cited by 11
Pavlovian Extinction and Recovery Effects in Aversive Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer
Campese, V. D., Kim, I. T., Rojas, G. R., & LeDoux, J. E. (2017) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00179 · Cited by 11
Self-citationOleson, E. B., & Roberts, J. B. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.043 · Cited by 12
Chasing as a model of psychogenic stress: characterization of physiological and behavioral responses
Lee, J., Kim, S., Han, J., & Choi, J.-S. (2018) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2018.1455090 · Cited by 12
Effect of stress on learning and motivation-relevance to autism spectrum disorder
Theoharides, T. C., & Kavalioti, M. (2019) · International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/2058738419856760 · Cited by 12
Role of the Nucleus Accumbens in Signaled Avoidance Actions
Zhou, J. H., Hormigo, S., Sajid, M., & Castro‐Alamancos, M. A. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0314-24.2024 · Cited by 10
Functional properties of corticothalamic circuits targeting paraventricular thalamic neurons
Aquino-Miranda, G., Jalloul, D., Zhang, X. O., Li, S., Kirouac, G. J., Beierlein, M., & Monte, F. H. D. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.10.010 · Cited by 12
Neural effects of controllability as a key dimension of stress exposure
Cohodes, E. M., Odriozola, P., Mandell, J. D., Caballero, C., McCauley, S., Zacharek, S. J., Hodges, H. R., Haberman, J. T., Smith, M., Thomas, J., et al. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421001498 · Cited by 11
Differential effects of wake promoting drug modafinil in aversive learning paradigms
Shanmugasundaram, B., Korz, V., Fendt, M., Braun, K., & Lübec, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00220 · Cited by 9
Regulation of striatal dopamine responsiveness by Notch/RBP-J signaling
Toritsuka, M., Kimoto, S., Muraki, K., Kitagawa, M., Kishimoto, T., Sawa, A., & Tanigaki, K. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.21 · Cited by 10
Learning to actively cope with stress in female mice
Lyons, D. M., Buckmaster, C. L., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.06.010 · Cited by 10
The Functions of Dopamine in Operant Conditioned Reflexes
Maiorov, V. I. (2019) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-019-00815-y · Cited by 10
Logan, T. (2019) · Violence and Gender · doi:10.1089/vio.2019.0044 · Cited by 10
Schipper, P., Lopresto, D., Reintjes, R. J., Joosten, J., Henckens, M. J. A. G., Kozicz, T., & Homberg, J. R. (2015) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00126 · Cited by 10
Prefrontal Regulation of Safety Learning during Ethologically Relevant Thermal Threat
Felix‐Ortiz, A. C., Terrell, J. M., Gonzalez, C., Msengi, H. D., Boggan, M. B., Ramos, A. R., Magalhães, G., & Burgos-Robles, A. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0140-23.2024 · Cited by 7
Tapias-Espinosa, C., Kádár, E., & Segura-Torres, P. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.025 · Cited by 11
Incident experience predicts freezing-like responses in firefighters
Ly, V., Roijendijk, L., Hazebroek, H., Tonnaer, C., & Hagenaars, M. A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186648 · Cited by 13
PVN-mPFC OT projections modulate pup-directed pup care or attacking in virgin mandarin volesPreprint
Li, L., Li, Y., Huang, C., Hou, W., Lv, Z., Zhang, L., Qu, Y., Sun, Y., Huang, K., Han, X., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96543 · Cited by 10
Intersect between brain mechanisms of conditioned threat, active avoidance, and reward
Badarnee, M., Wen, Z., Hammoud, M. Z., Glimcher, P. W., Cain, C. K., & Milad, M. R. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00197-7 · Cited by 8
Lamirault, C., Yu-Taeger, L., Doyère, V., Riess, O., Nguyen, H., & el Massioui, N. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.032 · Cited by 8
Seizure Susceptibility Corrupts Inferior Colliculus Acoustic Integration
Pinto, H. P. P., Lucas, E. L. D. O., Carvalho, V. R., Mourão, F. A. G., Guarnieri, L. D. O., Mendes, E. M. A. M., Medeiros, D. D. C., & Moraes, M. F. D. (2019) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2019.00063 · Cited by 8
Fu, H., Xia, Z., Tan, Y., Peng, Y. L., Fan, C., & Guo, X. (2024) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/jcemd4.coeng-14618 · Cited by 8
Munroe, M., Mahmassani, Z. S., Dvoretskiy, S., Reid, J. J., Miller, B. F., Hamilton, K. L., Rhodes, J. S., & Boppart, M. D. (2018) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2018.1483101 · Cited by 8
Çavdaroğlu, B., Toy, J., Schumacher, A., Carvalho, G., Patel, M., & Ito, R. (2020) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23202 · Cited by 8
The lesser evil: Pavlovian-instrumental transfer & aversive motivation
Campese, V. D. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113431 · Cited by 8
Long-range GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex modulate behavior
Bravo-Rivera, C., Diehl, M. M., Roman-Ortiz, C., Rodríguez-Romaguera, J., Rosas-Vidal, L. E., Bravo-Rivera, H., Quiñones-Laracuente, K., & Monte, F. H. D. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00861.2014 · Cited by 11
Logan, T. (2020) · Violence and Gender · doi:10.1089/vio.2020.0035 · Cited by 7
de Oliveira, C. C., Gouveia, F. V., de Castro, M. C., Kuroki, M. A., dos Santos, L. C. T., Fonoff, E. T., Teixeira, M. J., Otoch, J. P., & Martinez, R. C. R. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00162 · Cited by 7
Alexandrov, P., Pupikina, M., Adaeva, Z., & Sitnikova, E. (2023) · Physiologia · doi:10.3390/physiologia3030028 · Cited by 7
Goulding, D. R., Kraft, A. D., Mouton, P. R., McPherson, C. A., Avdoshina, V., Mocchetti, I., & Harry, G. J. (2019) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00077-z · Cited by 7
Developmentally distinct architectures in top-down circuitsPreprint
Klune, C. B., Goodpaster, C. M., Gongwer, M. W., Gabriel, C., Chen, R., Jones, N. S., Schwarz, L. A., & DeNardo, L. A. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.27.555010 · Cited by 7
Neuronal circuit mechanisms of competitive interaction between action-based and coincidence learning
Rozenfeld, E., & Parnas, M. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq3016 · Cited by 10
Skog, T. D., Johnson, S. B., Hinz, D. C., Lingg, R. T., Schulz, E. N., Luna, J. T., Beltz, T. G., Romig‐Martin, S. A., Gantz, S. C., Xue, B., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0844-24.2024 · Cited by 6
Wilson, J. C., Kesler, M., Pelegrin, S.-L. E., Kalvi, L., Gruber, A. J., & Steenland, H. W. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.06.015 · Cited by 6
Modelos animales de miedo y ansiedad: descripciones neuro-conductuales
Mora-Gallegos, A., & Castillo, S. S. (2014) · Actualidades en Psicología · doi:10.15517/ap.v28i117.14595 · Cited by 9
Differential Effects of Controllable Stress Exposure on Subsequent Extinction Learning in Adult Rats
Hadad-Ophir, O., Brande-Eilat, N., & Richter‐Levin, G. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00366 · Cited by 6
Dalton, G. L., Daly, I. D., & Floresco, S. (2025) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115503 · Cited by 5
Jing, L., Ma, C., Xu, L., & Richter‐Levin, G. (2023) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyad054 · Cited by 5
Klumpers, F., & Kroes, M. C. W. (2019) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-019-09401-y · Cited by 5
Conditional Control of Instrumental Avoidance by Context Following Extinction
Campese, V. D., Branigan, L., & LeDoux, J. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.730113 · Cited by 5
Self-citationInfralimbic parvalbumin neural activity facilitates cued threat avoidancePreprint
Ho, Y.-Y., Yang, Q., Boddu, P., Bulkin, D. A., & Warden, M. R. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.91221 · Cited by 9
Behavioral and Brain Mechanisms of Active Avoidance and Their Relevance to Anxiety Disorders
McManus, H., & Milad, M. R. (2025) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2025_593 · Cited by 6
Neural basis of social hierarchy across species
Yan, R., & Lin, D. (2026) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01047-z · Cited by 4
The neural mechanism underlying resilience
Liu, H., Zhang, C., & Yang, L. (2019) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2019.00312 · Cited by 5
Neural mechanisms of altruistic decision-making: EEG functional connectivity network analysis
Mitiureva, D. G., Terlichenko, E., Zubko, V. M., Kabanova, P., Abrosimova, V. D., Skripkina, S. M., Krivchenkova, E. V., Verkholaz, D. M., Borodkina, A. S., Комарова, А. В., et al. (2024) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-024-01214-8 · Cited by 5
A Neuroanatomical Framework for Understanding Dream Content
Yu, C. K. C. (2016) · Sleep and Hypnosis · doi:10.5350/sleep.hypn.2016.18.0112 · Cited by 4
Serotonin and Dopamine in Biological Models of Depression
Латанов, А. В., Korshunov, V. A., Майоров, В. И., & Serkov, A. N. (2019) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-019-00828-7 · Cited by 4
Lighthall, N. R., Conner, L. B., & Giovanello, K. S. (2019) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/0000143-004 · Cited by 5
Antunes, G. F., Gouveia, F. V., Kuroki, M. A., Martins, D. O., Pagano, R. L., Campos, A. C. P., & Martinez, R. C. R. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30427 · Cited by 4
An alarm pheromone reduces ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens shell responsivity
Gutiérrez‐García, A. G., Contreras, C. M., & Lara, M. S. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.054 · Cited by 4
Schipper, P., Henckens, M. J. A. G., Borghans, B., Hiemstra, M., Kozicz, T., & Homberg, J. R. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.044 · Cited by 4
Maren, S. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21090-0 · Cited by 5
Active information sampling in health and disease
Attaallah, B., Petitet, P., & Husain, M. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106197 · Cited by 3
Ruble, S., Kramer, C., West, L., Durrett, H., & Diehl, M. M. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-50571-6 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Moscarello, J. M., & LeDoux, J. E.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moscarello, Justin M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-02-27
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3815-3823
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3607300
- OpenAlex
- W2001417852
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 13.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH038774, F32MH094061)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA029053, R56DA029053)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- infralimbic cortex, central amygdala, instrumental avoidance, protein synthesis inhibition, avoidance memory
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Anisomycin, Avoidance Learning, Conditioning, Classical, Conditioning, Operant, Cues, Electrolysis, Male, Muscimol, Neural Pathways, Protein Synthesis Inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Prefrontal Cortex, GABA Agonists, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
