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Visual Representations by Cortical Somatostatin Inhibitory Neurons—Selective But with Weak and Delayed Responses
Open accessAbstract
Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory (SOM) neurons in the sensory cortex consist mostly of Martinotti cells, which project ascending axons to layer 1. Due to their sparse distribution, the representational properties of these neurons remain largely unknown. By two-photon imaging guided cell-attached recordings, we characterized visual response and receptive field (RF) properties of SOM neurons and parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory (PV) neurons genetically labeled in the mouse primary visual cortex. In contrast to PV neurons, SOM neurons exhibit broader spikes, lower spontaneous firing rates, smaller On/Off subfields, and broader ranges of basic RF properties such as On/Off segregation, orientation and direction tunings. Notably, the level of orientation and direction selectivity is comparable to that of excitatory neurons, from weakly-tuned to highly selective, whereas PV neurons are in general unselective. Strikingly, the evoked spiking responses of SOM cells are ∼3- to 5-fold weaker and 20–25 ms delayed compared with those of PV neurons. The onset latency of the latter is consistent with that of inhibitory input to excitatory neurons. These functional differences between SOM and PV neurons exist in both layer 2/3 and 4. Our results suggest that SOM and PV neurons engage in cortical circuits in different manners: while PV neurons provide fast, strong but untuned feedforward inhibition to excitatory neurons, likely serving as a general gain control for the processing of ascending inputs, SOM neurons with their selective but delayed and weak inhibition may provide more specific gating of later arriving intracortical excitatory inputs on the distal dendrites.
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“Second, although the excitatory inputs to SOM neurons are weak, they are facilitating and can be summated during trains of high-frequency stimulation (Reyes et al., 1998; Beierlein et al., 2003; Kapfer et al., 2007; Silberberg and Markram, 2007; Bartley et al., 2008), resulting in delayed spiking of SOM neurons.”
BackgroundSomatosensory integration controlled by dynamic thalamocortical feed-forward inhibition
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Cited by
GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Ma, W.-P., Liu, B.-H., Li, Y.-T., Josh Huang, Z., Zhang, L. I., & Tao, H. W.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-10-27
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 43
- Pages
- 14371-14379
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- OpenAlex
- W2048962026
- Cited by
- 225
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 9.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- Ma, W.-P., Liu, B.-H., Li, Y.-T., Josh Huang, Z., Zhang, L. I., & Tao, H. W. (2010). Visual Representations by Cortical Somatostatin Inhibitory Neurons—Selective But with Weak and Delayed Responses. The Journal of Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3248-10.2010
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