Activation of specific interneurons improves V1 feature selectivity and visual perception
Open accessAbstract
Inhibitory interneurons are essential components of the neural circuits underlying various brain functions. In the neocortex, a large diversity of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) interneurons has been identified on the basis of their morphology, molecular markers, biophysical properties and innervation pattern. However, how the activity of each subtype of interneurons contributes to sensory processing remains unclear. Here we show that optogenetic activation of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1) sharpens neuronal feature selectivity and improves perceptual discrimination. Using multichannel recording with silicon probes and channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)-mediated optical activation, we found that increased spiking of PV+ interneurons markedly sharpened orientation tuning and enhanced direction selectivity of nearby neurons. These effects were caused by the activation of inhibitory neurons rather than a decreased spiking of excitatory neurons, as archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch)-mediated optical silencing of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CAMKIIα)-positive excitatory neurons caused no significant change in V1 stimulus selectivity. Moreover, the improved selectivity specifically required PV+ neuron activation, as activating somatostatin or vasointestinal peptide interneurons had no significant effect. Notably, PV+ neuron activation in awake mice caused a significant improvement in their orientation discrimination, mirroring the sharpened V1 orientation tuning. Together, these results provide the first demonstration that visual coding and perception can be improved by increased spiking of a specific subtype of cortical inhibitory interneurons.
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Results from optogenetic studies disagree about the specific role of each interneuron group in tuning.
“However, the results from these studies do not agree on the specific role of each interneuron group.”
From GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2012
The discussion (page unavailable) contrasts this study’s marked sharpening of tuning with a recent study finding only a moderate effect of PV+ activation, so it supports a disagreement about PV+ effects. It does not establish that the studies disagree about the specific role of each interneuron group. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOther studies reported that PV interneurons sharpen tuning but Sst interneurons do not.
“Others reported that PV INs sharpened tuning but not Sst INs (Lee et al., 2012).”
From GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2012
PV and Sst inhibitory neurons play distinct roles in tuning excitatory neurons, producing either divisive or subtractive inhibition.
“These studies demonstrated that PV and Sst inhibitory neurons play distinct roles in the tuning of excitatory neurons producing either divisive or subtractive inhibition.”
From GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2012
Neurons in many cortical and subcortical brain areas exhibit robust gain modulation that may contribute to multiple cognitive functions, including attention, learning, sensory processing and multimodal integration.
“Neurons in many cortical and subcortical brain areas exhibit robust gain modulation that may contribute to multiple cognitive functions, including attention, learning, sensory processing and multimodal integration1–3,7,8,13–17.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
GABAergic inhibition controls the sensitivity of V1 neurons in rodents and cats by specifically adjusting their response gain without altering local selectivity or input gain.
“GABAergic inhibition controls the sensitivity of V1 neurons in rodents and cats by specifically adjusting their response gain without altering local selectivity or input gain2,68,69,101–104.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
Optogenetic manipulations of interneurons provide evidence of cell type-specific effects of inhibitory interneurons on gain regulation.
“Optogenetic manipulations of interneurons provide evidence of cell type-specific effects of inhibitory interneurons on gain regulation2,68,104,105,107.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Lee, S.-H., Kwan, A. C., Zhang, S., Phoumthipphavong, V., Flannery, J. G., Masmanidis, S. C., Taniguchi, H., Huang, Z. J., Zhang, F., Boyden, E. S., Deisseroth, K., & Dan, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dan, Yang
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-08-08
- Volume
- 488
- Issue
- 7411
- Pages
- 379-383
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC3422431
- OpenAlex
- W2103775384
- Cited by
- 593
- References
- 37
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- FWCI
- 26.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
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- PMC
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Eye Institute (R01EY018861, PN2EY018241)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS067199)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- parvalbumin interneurons, inhibitory interneurons, primary visual cortex, orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, visual perception, orientation discrimination, intracortical inhibition, GABAergic interneurons, somatostatin interneurons, CaMKIIα, optogenetic stimulation, channelrhodopsin-2
- MeSH terms
- Channelrhodopsins, Animals, Discrimination Learning, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Interneurons, Models, Neurological, Neural Inhibition, Parvalbumins, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Wakefulness, Rhodopsins, Microbial, Mice, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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