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Internal and External Influences on the Rate of Sensory Evidence Accumulation in the Human Brain
Open accessAbstract
We frequently need to make timely decisions based on sensory evidence that is weak, ambiguous, or noisy resulting from conditions in the external environment (e.g., a cluttered visual scene) or within the brain itself (e.g., inattention, neural noise). Here we examine how externally and internally driven variations in the quality of sensory evidence affect the build-to-threshold dynamics of a supramodal “decision variable” signal and, hence, the timing and accuracy of decision reports in humans. Observers performed a continuous-monitoring version of the prototypical two-alternative dot-motion discrimination task, which is known to strongly benefit from sequential sampling and temporal accumulation of evidence. A centroparietal positive potential (CPP), which we previously established as a supramodal decision signal based on its invariance to motor or sensory parameters, exhibited two key identifying properties associated with the “decision variable” long described in sequential sampling models: (1) its buildup rate systematically scaled with sensory evidence strength across four levels of motion coherence, consistent with temporal integration; and (2) its amplitude reached a stereotyped level at the moment of perceptual report executions, consistent with a boundary-crossing stopping criterion. The buildup rate of the CPP also strongly predicted reaction time within coherence levels (i.e., independent of physical evidence strength), and this endogenous variation was linked with attentional fluctuations indexed by the level of parieto-occipital α-band activity preceding target onset. In tandem with the CPP, build-to-threshold dynamics were also observed in an effector-selective motor preparation signal; however, the buildup of this motor-specific process significantly lagged that of the supramodal process.
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“This suggests that the P3 may encode motivationally significant events, which, in the present study, were the saliently colored/ethnic Black hands during SRC processing, potentially contributing to a dynamic decision process of linking perception to action31,42–45”
From Event-related potentials of automatic imitation are modulated by ethnicity during stimulus processing, but not during motor execution (2018) · cites this paper as [43]
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“It has been suggested that the role of the P3 component lies in bridging stimulus perception and response execution31,44 in a dynamically evolving decision process, linking sensory encoding of stimulus perception to the preparation of action42,43,45, and/or response control44.”
From Event-related potentials of automatic imitation are modulated by ethnicity during stimulus processing, but not during motor execution (2018) · cites this paper as [43]
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“A set of related EEG studies termed the corresponding potential the centro-parietal positivity (CPP, Kelly and O’Connell, 2013; O’Connell et al., 2012).”
InfluentialWeaver, M. D., Fahrenfort, J. J., Belopolsky, A. V., & van Gaal, S. (2019) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0268-18.2018 · Cited by 34
Confidence is predicted by pre- and post-choice decision signal dynamics
Grogan, J. P., Rys, W., Kelly, S. P., & O’Connell, R. G. (2023) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag_a_00005 · Cited by 40
“Our analyses used the CSD-transformed data, as this minimises volume conductance between separate components (Kayser & Tenke, 2006), and reduces the influence of frontocentral preparation signals on CPP amplitudes (Kelly & O’Connell, 2013).”
MethodSelf-citationOf monkeys and men: Impatience in perceptual decision-making
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“The CPP seems to be a direct reflection of the evidence accumulation process (Kelly & O’Connell, 2013; O’Connell et al., 2012) and might therefore allow for much more stringent tests of theoretical assumptions than conventional paradigms that attempt to track the accumulated evidence as it is…”
Rangelov, D., & Mattingley, J. B. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117093 · Cited by 32
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Separable neural signatures of confidence during perceptual decisions
Balsdon, T., Mamassian, P., & Wyart, V. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.68491 · Cited by 44
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“Its major component, the P3b, with a maximum at the parietal midline, has been suggested to reflect updating of work- ing memory (Donchin & Coles, 1988) or may indicate activation of stimulus–response links (Verleger, Jaśkowski, & Wascher, 2005) or decisional processes (Kelly & OʼConnell, 2013).”
BackgroundDynamics of perceptual decisions about symmetry in visual cortex
Kohler, P. J., Cottereau, B. R., & Norcia, A. M. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.051 · Cited by 32
“Our results add to a growing body of work which uses high-temporal resolution neuroimaging methods such as EEG to study perceptual decision-making in humans (Ales et al., 2013; Cottereau et al., 2014; Dmochowski and Norcia, 2015; Donner et al., 2009; Kelly and O'Connell, 2013; O'Connell et al., 2012; Philiastides et a…”
A unified neural account of contextual and individual differences in altruism
Hu, J., Konovalov, A., & Ruff, C. C. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.80667 · Cited by 31
Gherman, S., Markowitz, N., Tostaeva, G., Espinal, E., Mehta, A. D., O’Connell, R. G., Kelly, S. P., & Bickel, S. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01824-9 · Cited by 34
“The decision to look for HFA responses after 200 ms was informed by previous work showing that changes to the physical evidence (for example, onset of coherent motion) begin to impact on the buildup of decision signals around this timepoint 24,30,61 .”
InfluentialSelf-citationConfidence Representation of Perceptual Decision by EEG and Eye Data in a Random Dot Motion Task
Shooshtari, S. V., Esmaily, J., Azizi, Z. R., & Ebrahimpour, R. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.031 · Cited by 31
Common neural choice signals can emerge artefactually amid multiple distinct value signals
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“They also provided prospective and retrospective confidence judgments.”
InfluentialFrontal Monitoring and Parietal Evidence: Mechanisms of Error Correction
Cebrian, A. N., Knight, R. T., & Kayser, A. S. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00962 · Cited by 29
“Previous EEG studies (Kelly & O’Connell, 2013; O’Connell et al., 2012) have characterized a centroparietal electrical signal that increases with incoming evidence and peaks at the time of response execution.”
InfluentialReduced influence of perceptual context in schizophrenia: behavioral and neurophysiological evidence
Pokorny, V., Lano, T. J., Schallmo, M., Olman, C. A., & Sponheim, S. R. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719003751 · Cited by 28
Perceptual Decision-Making in Children: Age-Related Differences and EEG Correlates
Manning, C., Wagenmakers, E., Norcia, A. M., Scerif, G., & Boehm, U. (2020) · Computational Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1007/s42113-020-00087-7 · Cited by 30
“Third, much research has been conducted into the electrophysiological correlates of diffusion model parameters using this task (e.g. Dmochowski and Norcia 2015; Kelly and O’Connell 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMarkkula, G. M., Uludağ, Z., Wilkie, R. M., & Billington, J. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009096 · Cited by 29
“It may be noted that our model, like previous evidence accumulation models of detection of intermittent, subtle changes in abstract stimuli [14, 16], effectively implements Page’s cumulative sum (’CUSUM’) technique for change detection [61].”
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Perceiving objects by their function: An EEG study on feature saliency and prehensile affordances
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Predictions through evidence accumulation over time
Darriba, Á., & Waszak, F. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18802-z · Cited by 28
“In the context of decision-making, a number of experiments have described steady amplitude increases of the centroparietal P3 ERP component as a function of evidence accumulation 18,19 .”
Loughnane, G. M., Newman, D. P., Tamang, S., Kelly, S. P., & O’Connell, R. G. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2340-17.2018 · Cited by 28
“, 2012), albeit with important functional differences (O’Connell et al., 2012; Kelly and O’Connell, 2013; Twomey et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationTiming of Readiness Potentials Reflect a Decision-making Process in the Human Brain
Lui, K. K., Nunez, M. D., Cassidy, J. M., Vandekerckhove, J., Cramer, S. C., & Srinivasan, R. (2020) · Computational Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1007/s42113-020-00097-5 · Cited by 27
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Dynamics of individual perceptual decisions
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“First, we interpret changes in drift rate as changes in attention, which is consistent with recent findings suggesting that a more attentive or aroused state can speed evidence accumulation (Kelly & O’Connell, 2013; Rae et al., 2014).”
The impact of anatomical and spatial distance between responses on response conflict
Wühr, P., & Heuer, H. (2018) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-018-0817-5 · Cited by 26
“…that have characteristics of the evidence variable of sequential-sampling models and are independent of stimulus and response modalities (e.g., Kelly & O’Connell, 2013), there is a clear temporal overlap of the decision process with motor preparation, response activation, and even overt…”
BackgroundManning, C., Hassall, C. D., Hunt, L. T., Norcia, A. M., Wagenmakers, E., Evans, N. J., & Scerif, G. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09885-4 · Cited by 26
“This component resembled the most reliable component found in our previous work 31,54 , which resembles the centro-parietal positivity 29,30 and has been linked to drift-rate in typically developing children 31 and children with dyslexia 54 .”
BackgroundResultBoucher, P. O., Wang, T., Carceroni, L., Kane, G. A., Shenoy, K. V., & Chandrasekaran, C. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41752-2 · Cited by 30
Dendauw, E., Evans, N. J., Logan, G. D., Haffen, É., Bennabi, D., Gajdos, T., & Servant, M. (2024) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000464 · Cited by 31
“In addition, effector-selective EEG signals are absent when participants are instructed to make the decision mentally or when the stimulus – response mapping is not yet known during stimulus presentation (O ’ Connell et al., 2012; Twomey et al., 2015).”
Single-trial EEG dissociates motivation and conflict processes during decision-making under risk
Pornpattananangkul, N., Grogans, S. E., Yu, R., & Nusslock, R. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.029 · Cited by 28
“…the ease in which a decision is made, the positive relationship between UD and P3 is consistent with perceptual decision-making research showing a stronger P3 for stimuli that can be judged more easily (Kelly and O'Connell, 2013; O'Connell et al., 2012; Twomey, Murphy, Kelly and O'Connell, 2015).”
Increasing N200 Potentials Via Visual Stimulus Depicting Humanoid Robot Behavior
Li, M., Li, W., & Zhou, H. (2015) · International Journal of Neural Systems · doi:10.1142/s0129065715500392 · Cited by 24
“, broad recognition, memoryupdating,(35) and decision making.(36) In Farwell’s study,(13) P300 was induced by the target with a low probability.”
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Self-citationKamińska, O. K., Magnuski, M., Olszanowski, M., Gola, M. K., Brzezicka, A., & Winkielman, P. (2020) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-020-00778-5 · Cited by 24
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A tutorial on fitting joint models of M/EEG and behavior to understand cognition
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“For instance participants could perform a random dot motion (RDM) task with many different levels of perceptual difficulty across trials, a replication of work by Kelly and O’Connell (2013).”
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“As we and others have previously argued (Kelly & O’Connell, 2013, 2015; Zavala et al., 2014; O’Connell et al., 2012), the intentional use of gradually evolving continuous stimuli, as opposed to discretely presented stimuli, allows us to separate movement and stimulus-related activity from activity…”
BackgroundNeuronal signatures of a random-dot motion comparison task
von Lautz, A., Herding, J., & Blankenburg, F. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.071 · Cited by 26
“Interestingly, we encountered no absolute bound of CPP at the time of the response, as has been observed in recent studies with RDM patches (O'Connell et al., 2012; Kelly & O'Connell, 2013).”
InfluentialEffects of Altered Excitation-Inhibition Balance on Decision Making in a Cortical Circuit ModelPreprint
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Young and restless, old and focused: Age-differences in mind-wandering frequency and phenomenology.
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“…of neurophysiological signals relating to sensory evidence accumulation (Centro-Parietal Positivity or CPP; O'Connell et al., 2012) and endogenous attentional engagement (posterior alpha band activity; Dockree et al., 2017; Hanslmayr et al., 2007; Kelly & O'Connell, 2013; O'Connell et al., 2009).”
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Multiphasic value biases in fast-paced decisions
Corbett, E. A., Martinez-Rodriguez, L. A., Judd, C., O’Connell, R. G., & Kelly, S. P. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.67711 · Cited by 24
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Dundon, N. M., Dockree, S. P., Buckley, V., Merriman, N. A., Carton, M., Clarke, S., Roche, R. A. P., Lalor, E. C., Robertson, I. H., & Dockree, P. M. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.012 · Cited by 21
Active visual search in non-stationary scenes: coping with temporal variability and uncertainty
Ušćumlić, M., & Blankertz, B. (2016) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/13/1/016015 · Cited by 19
Quantifying decision-making in dynamic, continuously evolving environments
Ruesseler, M., Weber, L. A. E., Marshall, T. R., O’Reilly, J. X., & Hunt, L. T. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.82823 · Cited by 17
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A Neural Signature Encoding Decisions under Perceptual Ambiguity
Sun, S., Yu, R., & Wang, S. (2017) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0235-17.2017 · Cited by 18
“In addition, a recent line of research showed that the LPP plays a key role in forming decisions: the LPP is not only associated with accumulating sensory information, but also plays an important role in determining choices (O’Connell et al., 2012; Kelly and O’Connell, 2013; Murphy et al., 2015).”
BackgroundKohl, C., Spieser, L., Förster, B., Bestmann, S., & Yarrow, K. (2020) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2020.101321 · Cited by 21
A Common Neural Account for Social and Nonsocial Decisions
Arabadzhiyska, D. H., Garrod, O., Fouragnan, E. F., Luca, E. D., Schyns, P. G., & Philiastides, M. G. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0375-22.2022 · Cited by 23
Electrophysiological signatures of temporal context in the bisection task
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“The late offset positivity components such as LPCt, P300, or P3 have been suggested as indicators of decision-making at post-perceptual stages (Baykan & Shi, 2022; Kelly & O’Connell, 2013; Ofir & Landau, 2022; Polich & Kok, 1995).”
BackgroundAn Action-Independent Signature of Perceptual Choice in the Human Brain
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Cognitive resilience after prolonged task performance: an ERP investigation
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“Specifically, the process of sensory information accumulation is modulated by both bottom-up sensory input (Shadlen & Newsome, 2001) and top-down attentional feedback (Kelly & O’Connell, 2013; Krajbich, Armel, & Rangel, 2010).”
BackgroundStefanac, N., Zhou, S.-H., Spencer‐Smith, M. M., O’Connell, R. G., & Bellgrove, M. A. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.021 · Cited by 16
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“Some studies have also indicated that ERP activity in a conventional P3 time window is responsive to information accumulation (Darriba & Waszak, 2018; Kelly & O'Connell, 2013; O'Connell et al., 2012).”
BackgroundDreo, J., Attia, D., Pirtošek, Z., & Repovš, G. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12800 · Cited by 16
Evidence Integration in Natural Acoustic Textures during Active and Passive Listening
Górska, U., Rupp, A., Boubenec, Y., Celikel, T., & Englitz, B. (2018) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0090-18.2018 · Cited by 17
“In line with previous studies on sensory evidence integration (O’Connell et al., 2012; Kelly and O’Connell, 2013), we propose that the PO potential reflects this spectro-temporal integration, rather than a transiently discovered violation in regularity.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSpieser, L., Kohl, C., Förster, B., Bestmann, S., & Yarrow, K. (2018) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0159-18.2018 · Cited by 16
“The impact of difficulty on evidence accumulation has been demonstrated previously, with both sequential sampling models and proposed neural correlates of accumulation displaying steeper build-up rates in easier decisions (Roitman and Shadlen, 2002; Ratcliff and McKoon, 2008; Kelly and O’Connell, 2013; Mulder et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKarimi-Rouzbahani, H., Vahab, E., Ebrahimpour, R., & Menhaj, M. B. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.025 · Cited by 16
“Stimulus set We used a subset of the well-known object image set of Kiani et al. (2007) which is freely available at (http://www.cns.nyu.edu/kianilab/Datasets.html#id4).”
MethodEEG Signals Index a Global Signature of Arousal Embedded in Neuronal Population Recordings
Johnston, R., Snyder, A. C., Schibler, R. S., & Smith, M. A. (2022) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0012-22.2022 · Cited by 20
Antonova, I., van Swam, C., Hubl, D., Dierks, T., Griškova-Bulanova, I., & Koenig, T. W. (2016) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-016-0473-7 · Cited by 34
Can I trust in what I see? EEG evidence for a cognitive evaluation of perceptual constructs
Kornmeier, J., Wörner, R., & Bach, M. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12702 · Cited by 19
Temporal dynamics of decision making: A synthesis of computational and neurophysiological approaches
Harris, A. M., & Hutcherson, C. A. C. (2021) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1586 · Cited by 19
Davidson, M., Macdonald, J. S. P., & Yeung, N. (2022) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.22.10.20 · Cited by 17
Hadar, A. A., Rowe, P. J., Costa, S. D., Jones, A., & Yarrow, K. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12737 · Cited by 15
“A handful of studies have now attempted to provide neurometric evidence in humans to support the role of the sensorimotor (and particularly the motor) cortex in the decision-making process (Donner et al., 2009; Kelly & O’Connell, 2013; Selen et al., 2012).”
Having More Choices Changes How Human Observers Weight Stable Sensory Evidence
Itthipuripat, S., Cha, K., Deering, S., Salazar, A., & Serences, J. T. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0440-18.2018 · Cited by 14
“That said, the LPD component is a well-validated marker of decisionmaking processes, as it tracks sensory evidence accumulation in a similar fashion as ramping activity in LIP and FEF neurons (O’Connell et al., 2012; Kelly and O’Connell, 2013; Twomey et al., 2015; Loughnane et al., 2016; Rungratsameetaweemana et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialImani, E., Harati, A., Pourreza, H. R., & Goudarzi, M. M. (2021) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107821 · Cited by 16
Heart rate and P300: Integrating peripheral and central indices of cognitive processing
Guerra, P. M., Sánchez‐Adam, A., Miccoli, L., Polich, J. M., & Vila, J. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.12.008 · Cited by 15
“Recently, it has also been related to a mechanism of perceptual decision-making (O'Connell et al., 2012; Kelly and O'Connell, 2013; Twomey et al., 2015).”
BackgroundEuler, M. J., & Schubert, A. (2021) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2021.101569 · Cited by 14
Kraemer, P. M., & Gluth, S. (2023) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01968 · Cited by 21
“…attempt, focused at the centro-parietal positivity – a component which has been linked to evidence accumulation in perceptual (O’Connell et al., 2012; Kelly and O’Connell, 2013), and value-based decision making (Pisauro et al., 2017) – was rejected as we did not observe the expected…”
BackgroundNeural correlates of decision making on whole body yaw rotation: An fNIRS study
de Winkel, K. N., Nesti, A., Ayaz, H., & Bülthoff, H. (2017) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.053 · Cited by 14
Early correlates of error‐related brain activity predict subjective timing of error awareness
Gregorio, F. D., Maier, M. E., & Steinhauser, M. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14020 · Cited by 14
Effects of response delays and of unknown stimulus‐response mappings on the oddball effect on P3
Verleger, R., Grauhan, N., & Śmigasiewicz, K. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12756 · Cited by 14
“…sampling of evidence, O’Connell and colleagues demonstrated that P3’s waveform and amplitude variations are in good agreement with such model functions, thus may directly reflect the process leading to decisions (Kelly & O’Connell, 2013; O’Connell, Dockree, & Kelly, 2012; Twomey et al., 2015).”
ResultWeigard, A. S., Heathcote, A., & Sripada, C. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05316-x · Cited by 13
Secondary motor integration as a final arbiter in sensorimotor decision-making
Balsdon, T., Verdonck, S., Loossens, T., & Philiastides, M. G. (2023) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002200 · Cited by 14
Prior probability cues bias sensory encoding with increasing task exposure
Walsh, K. S., McGovern, D. P., Dully, J., Kelly, S. P., & O’Connell, R. G. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.91135 · Cited by 21
“…focussed attention and predicts performance on perceptual discrimination and detection tasks (Babiloni et al., 2006; Ergenoglu et al., 2004; Hanslmayr et al., 2007; Kelly & O ’ Connell, 2013; Kelly et al., 2006, 2009; Linkenkaer-Hansen et al., 2004; O ’ Connell et al., 2009; van Dijk et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationA Neural Decision Signal during Internal Sampling from Working Memory in Humans
van Ede, F., & Nobre, A. C. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1475-23.2024 · Cited by 22
“…sampling from working memory hinges on the parallel between our fi ndings and ample prior reports that have linked the CPP to decision-making (O ’ Connell et al., 2012; Kelly and O ’ Connell, 2013; Twomey et al., 2015, 2016; Herding et al., 2019; Brosnan et al., 2020; van den Brink et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialKopčanová, M., Thut, G., Benwell, C., & Keitel, C. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag_a_00566 · Cited by 13
Neural dynamics underlying coherent motion perception in children and adults
Manning, C., Kaneshiro, B., Kohler, P. J., Duta, M. D., Scerif, G., & Norcia, A. M. (2019) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100670 · Cited by 13
Intention-based and sensory-based predictions
Darriba, Á., Hsu, Y., van Ommen, S., & Waszak, F. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99445-z · Cited by 13
“…other processes 48 , P3b has been related to uncertainty or surprise 55,83 , to decision processes 56 , and to context-updating operations 48,52,54,93 , including the updating of an internal prediction model 94 and, specifically, the reactivation of well-established stimulus–response links 95 .”
The Mental Maxwell Relations: A Thermodynamic Allegory for Higher Brain Functions
O’Neill, J., & Schoth, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.827888 · Cited by 13
Rauchbauer, B., Pfabigan, D. M., & Lamm, C. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30926-4 · Cited by 15
White, O., Karniel, A., Leib, R., Papaxanthis, C., Barbiero, M., & Nisky, I. (2018) · Frontiers in Neurorobotics · doi:10.3389/fnbot.2018.00031 · Cited by 12
Evidence accumulation under uncertainty - a neural marker of emerging choice and urgency
Parés-Pujolràs, E., Travers, E., Ahmetoglu, Y., & Haggard, P. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117863 · Cited by 13
Multimodal investigations of emotional face processing and social trait judgment of faces
Yu, H., Lin, C., Sun, S., Cao, R., Kar, K., & Wang, S. (2023) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15084 · Cited by 12
Quantifying the time for accurate EEG decoding of single value-based decisions
Tzovara, A., Chavarriaga, R., & Marzia De Lucia, E. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.09.029 · Cited by 13
Anders, R., Oravecz, Z., & Alario, F. ‐. (2017) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-017-0921-7 · Cited by 15
“…of experimental psychology (Ratcliff, Van Zandt, & McKoon, 1999; Ratcliff, Gomez, & McKoon, 2004; Ratcliff, Thompson, & McKoon, 2015; Ratcliff & McKoon, 2008; Anders, Ri`es, van Maanen, Alario, 2015) and neuroscience (Dehaene, 2008; Kelly & O’Connell, 2013; O’Connell, Dockree, & Kelly, 2012).”
Global motion evoked potentials in autistic and dyslexic children: A cross-syndrome approach
Toffoli, L., Scerif, G., Snowling, M. J., Norcia, A. M., & Manning, C. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.06.018 · Cited by 12
“However, the most reliable component (component 1) resembled the stimulus-locked centro-parietal positivity purported to reflect decision-related activity (Kelly & O'Connell, 2013; see also Dmochowski & Norcia, 2015; Manning et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Kelly, S. P., & O'Connell, R. G.
- Affiliations
- City College of New York (US)
- ORCID
- Kelly, Simon P.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-12-11
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 19434-19441
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6618757
- OpenAlex
- W2119976941
- Cited by
- 455
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17
- FWCI
- 13.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- sensory evidence accumulation, sequential sampling, decision variables, motion coherence, temporal integration, boundary crossing, reaction time, alpha activity, attentional fluctuations, motor preparation, perceptual decision making
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Decision Making, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Neurological, Reaction Time
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