Appoptosin is a Novel Pro-Apoptotic Protein and Mediates Cell Death in Neurodegeneration
Open accessAbstract
Apoptosis is an essential cellular process in multiple diseases and a major pathway for neuronal death in neurodegeneration. The detailed signaling events/pathways leading to apoptosis, especially in neurons, require further elucidation. Here we identify a β-amyloid precursor protein (APP)-interacting protein, designated as appoptosin, whose levels are upregulated in brain samples from Alzheimer's disease and infarct patients, and in rodent stroke models, as well as in neurons treated with β-amyloid (Aβ) and glutamate. We further demonstrate that appoptosin induces reactive oxygen species release and intrinsic caspase-dependent apoptosis. The physiological function of appoptosin is to transport/exchange glycine/5-amino-levulinic acid across the mitochondrial membrane for heme synthesis. Downregulation of appoptosin prevents cell death and caspase activation caused by glutamate or Aβ insults. APP modulates appoptosin-mediated apoptosis through interaction with appoptosin. Our study identifies appoptosin as a crucial player in apoptosis and a novel pro-apoptotic protein involved in neuronal cell death, providing a possible new therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Appoptosin expression is upregulated in AD, where it can activate the intrinsic caspase pathway; downregulation of appoptosin can protect against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity.
“We have recently identified a mitochondrial protein, appoptosin, as an important regulator for Aβ-induced neuronal cell death. The expression of appoptosin is upregulated in AD, where it can activate the intrinsic caspase pathway. Notably, downregulation of appoptosin can protect against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity [101].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Zhang, H., Zhang, Y.-W., Chen, Y., Huang, X., Zhou, F., Wang, W., Xian, B., Zhang, X., Masliah, E., Chen, Q., Han, J.-D. J., Bu, G., Reed, J. C., Liao, F.-F., Chen, Y.-G., & Xu, H.
- Affiliations
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Xiamen University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-10-31
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 44
- Pages
- 15565-15576
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3509748
- OpenAlex
- W2033166503
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Alzheimer's Association
- American Health Assistance Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (30930050)
- Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province
- Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2010CB833706)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG030128, R01AG038710, R01AG027924, R01AG030197, R37AG018440, R01AG018440, R03AG034366, P50AG005131, AG-5131, R01AG031893, R21AG038968, AG 18440, R01AG021173, R01AG035355)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS046673, R01NS054880, P01NS074969)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- apoptosis, neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuronal cell death, reactive oxygen species, caspase activation, heme biosynthesis, 5-aminolevulinic acid, glycine transport, stroke, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Female, Genetic Complementation Test, Heme, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Mitochondria, Nerve Degeneration, Neurons, Pregnancy, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Cell Death, Apoptosis, Annexin A5, Reactive Oxygen Species, Caspases, Brain Infarction, RNA Interference, Cell Line, Tumor, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Mice, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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