The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Isolating the Modulatory Effect of Expectation on Pain Transmission: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Open accessAbstract
We use a novel balanced experimental design to specifically investigate brain mechanisms underlying the modulating effect of expected pain intensity on afferent nociceptive processing and pain perception. We used two visual cues, each conditioned to one of two noxious thermal stimuli [∼48°C (high) or 47°C (low)]. The visual cues were presented just before and during application of the noxious thermal stimulus. Subjects reported significantly higher pain when the noxious stimulus was preceded by the high-intensity visual cue. To control for expectancy effects, for one-half of the runs, the noxious thermal stimuli were accompanied by the cue conditioned to the other stimulus. Comparing functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygenation level-dependent activations produced by the high and low thermal stimulus intensities presented with the high-intensity visual cue showed significant activations in nociceptive regions of the thalamus, second somatosensory cortex, and insular cortex. To isolate the effect of expectancy, we compared activations produced by the two visual cues presented with the high-intensity noxious thermal stimulus; this showed significant differences in the ipsilateral caudal anterior cingulate cortex, the head of the caudate, cerebellum, and the contralateral nucleus cuneiformis (nCF). We propose that pain intensity expectancy modulates activations produced by noxious stimuli through a distinct modulatory network that converges with afferent nociceptive input in the nCF.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A number of studies have demonstrated an association between endorsing masculinity and a higher pain threshold and tolerance and lower pain ratings 194–198.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [198]
In the citing paper
“Using the Gender Role Expectation of Pain (GREP) questionnaire, Robinson and colleagues found that women were considered more sensitive to pain, less enduring of pain, and more willing to report pain compared to men 194, 198, 200.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [198]
In the citing paper
“A recent study in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome showed that the largest placebo effect occurred in met/met homozygotes.49”
From Nocebo and pain: an overview of the psychoneurobiological mechanisms (2017) · cites this paper as [49]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Placebo-Induced Changes in fMRI in the Anticipation and Experience of Pain
Wager, T. D., Rilling, J. K., Smith, E. E., Sokolik, A., Casey, K. L., Davidson, R. J., Kosslyn, S. M., Rose, R. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093065 · Cited by 1,992
Placebo and Opioid Analgesia-- Imaging a Shared Neuronal Network
Petrovic, P., Kalso, E., Petersson, K. M., & Ingvar, M. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067176 · Cited by 1,488
Dissociating pain from its anticipation in the human brain
Ploghaus, A., Tracey, I., Gati, J. S., Clare, S., Menon, R. S., Matthews, P. M., & Rawlins, J. N. P. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5422.1979 · Cited by 1,151
Columnar organization in the midbrain periaqueductal gray: modules for emotional expression?
Bandler, R., & Shipley, M. T. (1994) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90047-7 · Cited by 1,051
A new view of pain as a homeostatic emotion
Craig, A. D. (2003) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00123-1 · Cited by 1,024
State-dependent opioid control of pain
Fields, H. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1431 · Cited by 946 · cited 3×
“One possible mechanism for the modulatory effect of expectancy on pain is that it activates descending modulatory systems (Fields, 2004; Fields et al., 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNeuroanatomy of the pain system and of the pathways that modulate pain
Willis, W. D., & Westlund, K. N. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-199701000-00002 · Cited by 924
Imaging how attention modulates pain in humans using functional MRI
Bantick, S. J., Wise, R. G., Ploghaus, A., Clare, S., Smith, S. M., & Tracey, I. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf022 · Cited by 888
Exacerbation of Pain by Anxiety Is Associated with Activity in a Hippocampal Network
Ploghaus, A., Narain, C., Beckmann, C. F., Clare, S., Bantick, S., Wise, R., Matthews, P. M., Rawlins, J. N. P., & Tracey, I. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-24-09896.2001 · Cited by 822
Central nervous system mechanisms of pain modulation
Fields, H. L., Basbaum, A. I., & Heinricher, M. M. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-443-07287-6/50012-6 · Cited by 761
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Talairach J, Tournoux P (1988) In: A coplanar stereotactic atlas of the human brain Stuttgart: Thieme.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–345 of 345
Linnman, C. (2008) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
Exploring exposure in vivo in chronic pain
de Jong, J. R. (2010) · doi:10.26481/dis.20101125jj
Kipshagen, H. E. (2011) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-957
Taylor, A. (2012) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Peters, M. L., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2010) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7640-7_11
Imaging Placebo Responses in the Brain
Colloca, L., & Benedetti, F. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0134-7_11
Characteristics of a modern higher school teacher
Сергеевна, С. Н. (2014) · Electronic archive USPU
The potential use of brain imaging as a tool to predict chronic pain after surgery
Gwilym, S. E. (2011) · Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management · doi:10.1053/j.trap.2011.08.003
LONG-LASTING INFLAMMATORY PAIN
Heilborn, U. (2007)
Allen, M., Fardo, F., Dietz, M. J., Hillebrandt, H. F., Rees, G. E., & Roepstorff, A. (2015) · doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.1203v1
Enhancement of subjective pain experience and changes of brain function on sadness
Yoshino, A., Okamoto, Y., Onoda, K., Yoshimura, S., Kunisato, Y., Okada, G., Takahashi, T., & Yamawaki, S. (2012) · PAIN RESEARCH · doi:10.11154/pain.27.7
Functional brain imaging of acute pain in healthy humans
Lenz, F. A., Casey, K. L., Jones, E. G., & Willis, W. D. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511770579.006
Cognitive impairment and Fabry Disease: a case report with mutation S126G
Razza, G., Spadaro, D., Giordano, A., Scalia, S., Colomba, P., Zizzo, C., Duro, G., & Iemolo, F. (2016) · Neuropsychological Trends · doi:10.7358/neur-2016-020-razz
Comment j’utilise l’hypnose au cours de l’anesthésie locorégionale ?
Plantet, F. (2018) · Le Praticien en Anesthésie Réanimation · doi:10.1016/j.pratan.2018.02.006
Implications of placebos and nocebos in clinical research
Colloca, L., & Haycock, N. R. (2018) · PNEI REVIEW · doi:10.3280/pnei2018-001009
Arendsen, L. J. (2017) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Placebo effect between evidence and myths: How to distinguish true from fake news
Pini, L. A., & Vilella, A. (2019) · RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA · doi:10.3280/rsf2019-001009
Jones, L. E., Moseley, G. L., & Carus, C. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4344-4.00017-1 · Cited by 1
Effects of changes in response expectancy on pain perception and electrophysiology
Almarzouki, A. F. (2015) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
Embodiment, Pain, and Circumcision in Somali-Canadian Women
Glazer, E. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Talking to Balaam's ass : a concluding conversation
Putt, B. K., & Westphal, M. (2009)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pain in the Spinal Cord and Brainstem
Ghazni, N. F. (2008)
Moseley, G. L., & Jones, L. E. (2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780849382697.ch3
Neuronale Korrelate von Placeboeffekt, Furchtextinktion und willentlicher Emotionsregulation
Geier, K. (2014) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-4626
Doleys, D. M. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2216-1.00004-5
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Brain mediators of predictive cue effects on perceived pain.
Haggard, P., & Filevich, E. (2010) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.6294956.6383054
Implications of Placebos and Nocebos in Clinical Research
Colloca, L., & Haycock, N. R. (2019) · Headache · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02976-0_10
How instructions, learning, and expectations shape pain and clinical outcomesPreprint
Atlas, L. Y. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qhkat
Visual Effect on Mechanical Pain Threshold According to Anatomical Regions
Kang, K.-H., Kim, J.-R., Byun, J., & Jung, J. (2022) · Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain · doi:10.14476/jomp.2022.47.4.189
Exposure to false cardiac feedback alters pain perception and anticipatory cardiac frequencyPreprint
Parrotta, E., Bach, P., Pezzulo, G., Zaccaro, A., Perrucci, M. G., Costantini, M., & Ferri, F. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90013 · Cited by 2
Parrotta, E., Bach, P., Pezzulo, G., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90013.1.sa0
Die Neurobiologie des Schmerzes
Bassimtabar, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70334-2_3
Knowledge, mechanisms, and intervention of the polytrauma clinical triad in military pain medicine
Liu, Q., Qiu, P., Ma, T., Zhao, Y., Fu, S., Gao, M., Feng, Z., & Feng, L. (2025) · The Korean journal of pain · doi:10.3344/kjp.24425 · Cited by 2
Reicherts, P., & Heller, A. R. (2025) · Studien zur Resilienzforschung · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-44909-4_8
Bassimtabar, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-71562-8_3
When we want to know the bad news: exploring information-seeking for unavoidable pain stimuli
Bode, S., Varsamis, A., Xu, Z., Jiwa, M., Andrabi, H., Egorova, N., & Morawetz, C. (2025) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2025.2597887
Li, Q., Zhou, L., Chen, G., Zhao, X., & Yang, X. (2025) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-025-05205-1
Reduced Grey Matter in Caudate and Accumbens Nuclei Precedes Central Post Stroke PainPreprint
Panagoulas, E., Mueller, K., Chen, X., Asseyer, S., Villringer, K., Krause, T., Jungehuelsing, G. J., & Villringer, A. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.25341786
Modulation of nociception and pain by attention and stress
Cardinal-Aucoin, N. (2013) · doi:10.71781/28242
Functional Symptoms in Intensive Care: The Vicious Circle of Anxiety and Symptoms
Kanter, R. K., & Lozito-Yorton, R. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8074-8_16
Exposure to false cardiac feedback alters pain perception and anticipatory cardiac frequencyPreprint
Parrotta, E., Bach, P., Pezzulo, G., Zaccaro, A., Perrucci, M. G., Costantini, M., & Ferri, F. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90013.2
Facing pain is effortful: key role of the supplementary motor area and anterior midcingulate cortexPreprint
Monti, I., Picard, M.-È., Mangin, T., Bergevin, M., Gruet, M., Baudry, S., Otto, R., Chen, J.-I., Roy, M., Rainville, P., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.17.719211 · Cited by 1
Zhang, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., & Guo, Y. (2026) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-026-01204-z
Metadata
- Authors
- Keltner, J. R., Furst, A., Fan, C., Redfern, R., Inglis, B., & Fields, H. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2006-04-19
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 4437-4443
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6674009
- OpenAlex
- W2160938249
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 8.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- International Anesthesia Research Society
- U.S. Public Health Service (NS 21445)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS21445)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- pain anticipation, pain transmission, nociceptive processing, thermal pain, visual cues, thalamus, secondary somatosensory cortex, insula, caudal anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, nucleus cuneiformis, pain perception, expectancy effects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cues, Hot Temperature, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pain, Pain Measurement, Perception, Photic Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
