Continuous flash suppression modulates cortical activity in early visual cortex
Open accessAbstract
A salient visual stimulus can be rendered invisible by presenting it to one eye while flashing a mask to the other eye. This procedure, called continuous flash suppression (CFS), has been proposed as an ideal way of studying awareness as it can make a stimulus imperceptible for extended periods of time. Previous studies have reported robust suppression of cortical activity in higher visual areas during CFS, but the role of primary visual cortex (V1) is still controversial. In this study, we resolve this controversy on the role of V1 in CFS and also begin characterizing the computational processes underlying CFS. Early visual cortical activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging while human subjects viewed stimuli composed of target and mask, presented to the same or different eyes. Functional MRI responses in early visual cortex were smaller when target and mask were in different eyes compared with the same eye, not only for the lowest contrast target rendered invisible by CFS, but also for higher contrast targets, which were visible even when presented to the eye opposite the mask. We infer that CFS is based on modulating the gain of neural responses, akin to reducing target contrast.
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Perception enhances the BOLD response within V1 for specific experimental designs (e.g., flash suppression of perception).
“In fact, perception was found to enhance the BOLD response within V1 for specific experimental designs (e.g., flash suppression of perception) (Yuval-Greenberg and Heeger, 2013).”
From Perception is associated with the brain’s metabolic response to sensory stimulation (2022) · cites this paper as Yuval-Greenberg and Heeger, 2013
The Results (V1 responses during CFS; page unavailable) report larger V1 fMRI responses for visible than invisible targets. But the Discussion (Previous CFS imaging studies; page unavailable) explicitly makes no claim about the relation between V1 activity and awareness. The finding supports a difference between the experimental conditions, not the stronger claim that perception itself enhances the BOLD response. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Yuval-Greenberg, S., & Heeger, D. J.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- ORCID
- Heeger, D. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-06-05
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 9635-9643
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3760788
- OpenAlex
- W1977345281
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 6.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Eye Institute (R01EY016752)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- continuous flash suppression, primary visual cortex, visual awareness, visual masking, interocular suppression, target contrast, visual perception
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Time Factors, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception
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