Glucocorticoid signaling in myeloid cells worsens acute CNS injury and inflammation
Open accessAbstract
Glucocorticoid stress hormones (GCs) are well known for being anti-inflammatory, but some reports suggest that GCs can also augment aspects of inflammation during acute brain injury. Because the GC receptor (GR) is ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain, it is difficult to know which cell types might mediate these unusual "proinflammatory" GC actions. We examined this with cell type-specific deletion or overexpression of GR in mice experiencing seizure or ischemia. Counter to their classical anti-inflammatory actions, GR signaling in myeloid cells increased Iba-1 and CD68 staining as well as nuclear p65 levels in the injured tissue. GCs also reduced levels of occludin, claudin 5, and caveolin 1, proteins central to blood-brain-barrier integrity; these effects required GR in endothelial cells. Finally, GCs compromised neuron survival, an effect mediated by GR in myeloid and endothelial cells to a greater extent than by neuronal GR.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
GR disruption in the forebrain did not influence neuronal death or damaged area in the hippocampus following an excitotoxic insult, nor the infarct volume in a model of focal cerebral ischemia.
“However, current evidence indicates that GR disruption in the forebrain (FBGRKO vs. WT) did not influence neuronal death or damaged area in the hippocampus following an excitotoxic insult, nor the infarct volume in a model of focal cerebral ischemia (117).”
From The HPA – Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [117]
GR activation in endothelial cells of brain vessels might be both necessary and sufficient to constrain the production of key structural proteins of the BBB following focal cerebral ischemia.
“Using the Tie2-GRKO mice, one group recently revealed that GR activation in endothelial cells of brain vessels might be both necessary and sufficient to constrain the production of key structural proteins of the BBB following focal cerebral ischemia (117).”
From The HPA – Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [117]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Sapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389 · Cited by 7,541 · see citing works
Sapolsky, R. M. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.21.1.55 · Cited by 7,533 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms
Block, M. L., Zecca, L., & Hong, J.-S. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2038 · Cited by 4,110 · see citing works
Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions
MUNCK, A., GUYRE, P. M., & HOLBROOK, N. J. (1984) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-5-1-25 · Cited by 3,083 · see citing works
Coutinho, A. E., & Chapman, K. E. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005 · Cited by 1,815 · see citing works
Microglia in neurodegenerative disease
Perry, V. H., Nicoll, J. A. R., & Holmes, C. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.17 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor
Cardona, A. E., Pioro, E. P., Sasse, M. E., Kostenko, V., Cardona, S. M., Dijkstra, I. M., Huang, D., Kidd, G., Dombrowski, S., Dutta, R., et al. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1715 · Cited by 1,531 · see citing works
El Khoury, J., Toft, M., Hickman, S. E., Means, T. K., Terada, K., Geula, C., & Luster, A. D. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1555 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Dhabhar, F. S. (2009) · Neuroimmunomodulation · doi:10.1159/000216188 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
The myeloid cells of the central nervous system parenchyma
Ransohoff, R. M., & Cardona, A. E. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09615 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Neuronal ‘On’ and ‘Off’ signals control microglia
Biber, K., Neumann, H., Inoue, K., & Boddeke, H. W. G. M. (2007) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.08.007 · Cited by 787 · see citing works
Fong, A. M., Robinson, L. A., Steeber, D. A., Tedder, T. F., Yoshie, O., Imai, T., & Patel, D. D. (1998) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.188.8.1413 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Immune activation in brain aging and neurodegeneration: too much or too little?
Lucin, K. M., & Wyss-Coray, T. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.08.039 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids Potentiate Ischemic Injury to Neurons: Therapeutic Implications
Sapolsky, R. M., & Pulsinelli, W. A. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.4035356 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Accuracy and precision in quantitative fluorescence microscopy
Waters, J. C. (2009) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200903097 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Frank, M. G., Baratta, M. V., Sprunger, D. B., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2007) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.03.005 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Conditional Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Deletion in Mice
Koni, P. A., Joshi, S. K., Temann, U.-A., Olson, D. L., Burkly, L. C., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.193.6.741 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Stress-induced changes in blood leukocyte distribution. Role of adrenal steroid hormones
Dhabhar, F. S., Miller, A. H., McEwen, B. S., & Spencer, R. L. (1996) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.157.4.1638 · Cited by 480 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, acute GC exposure stimulates lymphocyte recruitment to injury sites instead of inducing apoptosis as was previously assumed (Dhabhar et al., 1996; Viswanathan and Dhabhar, 2005).”
The Stressed CNS: When Glucocorticoids Aggravate Inflammation
Sorrells, S. F., Caso, J. R., Munhoz, C. D., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.032 · Cited by 425 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 2010); however, recent evidence suggests that GCs do not always decrease inflammation and, depending on the context of their exposure, may even increase inflammatory responses (for review, see Dhabhar, 2009; Sorrells et al., 2009).”
Steroid hormone receptor expression and function in microglia
Sierra, A., Gottfried‐Blackmore, A., Milner, T. A., McEwen, B. S., & Bulloch, K. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20644 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Boyle, M. P., Brewer, J. A., Funatsu, M., Wozniak, D. F., Tsien, J. Z., Izumi, Y., & Muglia, L. J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0406458102 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Peroxynitrite Inhibits Glutamate Transporter Subtypes
Trotti, D., Rossi, D., Gjesdal, O., Levy, L. M., Racagni, G., Danbolt, N. C., & Volterra, A. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.11.5976 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Frank, M. G., Miguel, Z. D., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2010) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.07.008 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Munhoz, C. D., Lepsch, L. B., Kawamoto, E. M., Malta, M. B., Lima, L. D. S., Werneck Avellar, M. C., Sapolsky, R. M., & Scavone, C. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4398-05.2006 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citationBhattacharyya, S., Brown, D. E., Brewer, J. A., Vogt, S. K., & Muglia, L. J. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-10-048215 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Stress-induced enhancement of leukocyte trafficking into sites of surgery or immune activation
Viswanathan, K., & Dhabhar, F. S. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501650102 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Isolation of murine microglial cells for RNA analysis or flow cytometry
Cardona, A. E., Huang, D., Sasse, M. E., & Ransohoff, R. M. (2006) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.327 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Ros-Bernal, F., Hunot, S., Herrero, M. T., Parnadeau, S., Corvol, J.-C., Lu, L., Alvarez-Fischer, D., Carrillo-de Sauvage, M. A., Saurini, F., Coussieu, C., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1017820108 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Mice deficient in fractalkine are less susceptible to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
Soriano, S. G., Amaravadi, L. S., Wang, Y. F., Zhou, H., Yu, G. X., Tonra, J. R., Fairchild-Huntress, V., Fang, Q., Dunmore, J. H., Huszar, D., et al. (2002) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00033-4 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Stress increases vulnerability to inflammation in the rat prefrontal cortex
de Pablos, R. M., Villarán, R. F., Argüelles, S., Herrera, A. J., Venero, J. L., Ayala, A., Cano, J., & Machado, A. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0802-06.2006 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Förster, C. Y., Silwedel, C., Golenhofen, N., Burek, M., Kietz, S., Mankertz, J., & Drenckhahn, D. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.084038 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids Play a Fundamental Role in Protecting the Brain during Innate Immune Response
Nadeau, S., & Rivest, S. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-13-05536.2003 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Smith‐Swintosky, V. L., Pettigrew, L. C., Sapolsky, R. M., Phares, C., Craddock, S. D., Brooke, S. M., & Mattson, M. P. (1996) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-199607000-00008 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Novel glucocorticoid effects on acute inflammation in the CNS
Dinkel, K., MacPherson, A., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01604.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Munhoz, C. D., Sorrells, S. F., Caso, J. R., Scavone, C., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0303-09.2010 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Role of microglial IKKβ in kainic acid-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death
Cho, I., Hong, J., Suh, E. C., Kim, J. H., Lee, H., Lee, J. E., Lee, S., Kim, C., Kim, D. W., Jo, E., et al. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn230 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Chemokines and chemokine receptors: multipurpose players in neuroinflammation.
Ransohoff, R., Liu, L.-P., & Cardona, A. (2007) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(07)82010-1 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
T-cell glucocorticoid receptor is required to suppress COX-2-mediated lethal immune activation
Brewer, J. A., Khor, B., Vogt, S. K., Muglia, L. M., Fujiwara, H., Haegele, K. E., Sleckman, B. P., & Muglia, L. J. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm895 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Lambertsen, K. L., Meldgaard, M., Ladeby, R., & Finsen, B. R. (2005) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600014 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Corticosterone impairs hippocampal neuronal calcium regulation — possible mediating mechanisms
Elliott, E. M., & Sapolsky, R. M. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90245-i · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Type II glucocorticoid receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes
Vielkind, U., Walencewicz, A. J., Levine, J. M., & Bohn, M. C. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490270315 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid regulation of the inflammatory response to injury
Yeager, M. P., Guyre, P. M., & Munck, A. U. (2004) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2004.00434.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Chemical adrenalectomy reduces hippocampal damage induced by kainic acid
Stein, B. A., & Sapolsky, R. M. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90332-0 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
MacPherson, A., Dinkel, K., & Sapolsky, R. (2005) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.02.021 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid therapy in neurologic critical care
Gomes, J. A., Stevens, R. D., Lewin, J. J., Mirski, M. A., & Bhardwaj, A. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000166389.85273.38 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Frieler, R. A., Meng, H., Duan, S. Z., Berger, S., Schütz, G., He, Y., Xi, G., Wang, M. M., & Mortensen, R. M. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.598441 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Silwedel, C., & Förster, C. Y. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.06.019 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid effects on mouse microvascular endothelial barrier permeability are brain specific
Förster, C. Y., Waschke, J., Burek, M., Leers, J., & Drenckhahn, D. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.106385 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Restructuring the neuronal stress response with anti-glucocorticoid gene delivery
Kaufer, D., Ogle, W. O., Pincus, Z., Clark, K., Nicholas, A. C., Dinkel, K., Dumas, T. C., Ferguson, D., Lee, A. L., Winters, M. A., et al. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1296 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Exacerbation of Hippocampal Excitotoxicity by Glucocorticoids Is Not Mediated by Apoptosis
Roy, M., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2003) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000068337 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid suppression of CX 3 CL1 (fractalkine) by reduced gene promoter recruitment of NF‐κB
Bhavsar, P. K., Sukkar, M. B., Khorasani, N. M., Lee, K., & Chung, K. F. (2008) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.07-094235 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Olgemöller, B., Schön, J., & WIELAND, O. H. (1985) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/0303-7207(85)90080-2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The HPA – Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain
Bellavance, M.-A., & Rivest, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00136 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal (HPA) Axis and Aging
Gupta, D., & Morley, J. E. (2014) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c130049 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid receptors: finding the middle ground
Desmet, S. J., & Bosscher, K. D. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci88886 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Checks and balances: The glucocorticoid receptor and NFĸB in good times and bad
Bekhbat, M., Rowson, S. A., & Neigh, G. N. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.05.001 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Piirainen, S., Youssef, A. M., Song, C., Kalueff, A. V., Landreth, G. E., Malm, T., & Tian, L. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.046 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Occludin regulation of blood–brain barrier and potential therapeutic target in ischemic stroke
Qi, Z., Yuan, S., & Liu, K. (2020) · Brain Circulation · doi:10.4103/bc.bc_29_20 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Endothelial Response to Glucocorticoids in Inflammatory Diseases
Zielińska, K. A., Moortel, L. V., Opdenakker, G., Bosscher, K. D., & den Steen, P. E. V. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00592 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The Pro-inflammatory Effects of Glucocorticoids in the Brain
Duque, É. D. A., & Munhoz, C. D. (2016) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00078 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids Increase Excitotoxic Injury and Inflammation in the Hippocampus of Adult Male Rats
Sorrells, S. F., Munhoz, C. D., Manley, N. C., Yen, S., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2014) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000367849 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Of mice and men: modelling post‐stroke depression experimentally
Kronenberg, G., Gertz, K. R., Heinz, A., & Endres, M. (2014) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12775 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Greater glucocorticoid receptor activation in hippocampus of aged rats sensitizes microglia
Barrientos, R. M., Thompson, V. M., Kitt, M. M., Amat, J., Hale, M. W., Frank, M. G., Crysdale, N. Y., Stamper, C. E., Hennessey, P. A., Watkins, L. R., et al. (2015) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.003 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Chronic glucocorticoid exposure activates BK-NLRP1 signal involving in hippocampal neuron damage
Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Wu, W., Xu, T., Yin, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, D., & Li, W. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0911-9 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde of Hippocampal Neuroinflammation
Bolshakov, A. P., Tret’yakova, L. V., Kvichansky, A. A., & Gulyaeva, N. V. (2021) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297921020048 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Santarsieri, M., Niyonkuru, C., McCullough, E. H., Dobos, J. A., Dixon, C., Berga, S. L., & Wagner, A. K. (2014) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3177 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Factors promoting vulnerability to dysregulated stress reactivity and stress‐related disease
Russell, A. L., Tasker, J. G., Lucion, A. B., Fiedler, J. L., Munhoz, C. D., Wu, T. J., & Deak, T. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12641 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Kim, S., Park, E. S., Chen, P. R., & Kim, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.864858 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Lerch, J. K., Puga, D. A., Bloom, O., & Popovich, P. G. (2014) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.03.004 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Jones, K., Zouikr, I., Patience, M., Clarkson, A. N., Isgaard, J., Johnson, S. J., Spratt, N. J., Nilsson, M., & Walker, F. R. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.014 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Gulyaeva, N. V., Onufriev, M. V., & Moiseeva, Y. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.781964 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids enhance the in vivo migratory response of human monocytes
Yeager, M. P., Pioli, P. A., Collins, J., Barr, F. D., Metzler, S., Sites, B. D., & Guyre, P. M. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.01.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Monocyte mobilisation, microbiota & mental illness
van de Wouw, M., Boehme, M., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.019 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hage, Z., Madeira, M. M., Koliatsis, D., & Tsirka, S. E. (2024) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/s12865-024-00653-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mechanistic insights into corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis: War horse or chameleon?☆
Krieger, S. C., Sorrells, S. F., Nickerson, M., & Pace, T. W. W. (2014) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.12.021 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: Symptoms and Biomarkers
Jason, L. A., Zinn, M. L., & Zinn, M. A. (2015) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150928105725 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
SCI and depression: Does inflammation commandeer the brain?
Brakel, K., & Hook, M. A. (2019) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112977 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Fakhri, S., Abbaszadeh, F., & Jorjani, M. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111563 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Watanabe, R., Kakeda, S., Watanabe, K., Liu, X., Katsuki, A., Umeno-Nakano, W., Hori, H., Abe, O., Yoshimura, R., & Korogi, Y. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22604 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Females uniquely vulnerable to alcohol-induced neurotoxicity show altered glucocorticoid signaling
Wilhelm, C., Hashimoto, J. G., Roberts, M. L., Bloom, S. H., Beard, D. K., & Wiren, K. M. (2015) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Goodwin, J. E., Feng, Y., Velazquez, H., Zhou, H., & Sessa, W. C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108126 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Stress, Affective Status and Neurodegenerative Onslaughts
Archer, T., & Rapp‐Ricciardi, M. (2019) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90065-0_3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Acute Cortisol Profile Associations With Cognitive Impairment After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Barton, D. J., Kumar, R. G., Schuster, A. A., Juengst, S. B., Oh, B., & Wagner, A. K. (2021) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/15459683211048771 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids and nervous system plasticity
Lerch, J. K., & Madalena, K. M. (2016) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.175039 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal (HPA) Axis and Aging
Gupta, D., & Morley, J. E. (2014) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00585.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Acute neuroinflammation induces prolonged transcriptional reprogramming in microglia
Moon, S., Kim, C. G., Kim, Y.-K., Yun, C., Shin, M., & Seo, H. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03572-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Puga, D. A., Tovar, C. A., Guan, Z., Gensel, J. C., Lyman, M. S., McTigue, D. M., & Popovich, P. G. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Psychological Stress and Asthma: A New Enemy Within
Vliagoftis, H. (2014) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000363447 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Madalena, K. M., Brennan, F. H., & Popovich, P. G. (2022) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114114 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors modulate status epilepticus severity
Kraus, K. L., Nawreen, N., Godale, C. M., Chordia, A. P., Packard, B. A., LaSarge, C. L., Herman, J. P., & Danzer, S. C. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106014 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Shishkina, G. T., Gulyaeva, N. V., Lanshakov, D. A., Kalinina, T. S., Onufriev, M. V., Moiseeva, Y. V., Sukhareva, E. V., Babenko, V. N., & Дыгало, Н. Н. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9121840 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Abnormal Glucocorticoid Synthesis in the Lesional Skin of Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea
Hong, J. S., Han, S., Lee, J. S., Lee, C., Choi, M. H., Kim, Y. K., Seo, E. Y., Chung, J. H., & Cho, S. (2019) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.036 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Fei, X., Liu, G., Li, X., Huang, L., Yang, L. Z., Li, Y., Xu, B., & Fang, W. (2023) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2023/6916819 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
RetractedNuclear Receptor Control of Myeloid Cell Responses - Implications for CNS Autoimmunity
Wiendl, S. H. H. (2013) · Rheumatology Current Research · doi:10.4172/2161-1149.1000124 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Antistress effects of N-stearoylethanolamine in rats with chronic social stress
Tm, H., Kosiakova, H. V., & Ah, B. (2017) · The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal · doi:10.15407/ubj89.04.068 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Глюкокортикоиды в нейровоспалении гиппокампа: доктор Джекилл и мистер Хайд
Bolshakov, A. P., Третьякова, Л. В., Квичанский, А. А., & Гуляева, Н. В. (2021) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.31857/s0320972521020044 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Duque, É. D. A. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2019.tde-15102019-100704
CRF Peptides in the Immune/Inflammatory System
Wan, R., & Zhu, C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5322-5_6
- Authors
- Sorrells, S. F., Caso, J. R., Munhoz, C. D., Hu, C. K., Tran, K. V., Miguel, Z. D., Chien, B. Y., & Sapolsky, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Sorrells, Shawn F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-05-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 7877-7889
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3691990
- OpenAlex
- W2050779306
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS059918, F31NS063491)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- glucocorticoid receptor, myeloid cells, acute brain injury, neuroinflammation, seizures, cerebral ischemia, blood-brain barrier integrity, endothelial cells, neuronal survival, cell type-specific gene deletion, occludin, claudin-5, caveolin-1, NF-κB p65
- MeSH terms
- NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Brain Injuries, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Corticosterone, Disease Models, Animal, Encephalitis, Gene Expression Regulation, Kainic Acid, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Microfilament Proteins, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, Brain Infarction, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Myeloid Cells, Receptor, TIE-2, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
