Visual Salience Affects Performance in a Working Memory Task
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Many studies of bottom-up visual attention have focused on identifying which features of a visual stimulus render it salient--i.e., make it "pop out" from its background--and on characterizing the extent to which salience predicts eye movements under certain task conditions. However, few studies have examined the relationship between salience and other cognitive functions, such as memory. We examined the impact of visual salience in an object-place working memory task, in which participants memorized the position of 3-5 distinct objects (icons) on a two-dimensional map. We found that their ability to recall an object's spatial location was positively correlated with the object's salience, as quantified using a previously published computational model (Itti et al., 1998). Moreover, the strength of this relationship increased with increasing task difficulty. The correlation between salience and error could not be explained by a biasing of overt attention in favor of more salient icons during memorization, since eye-tracking data revealed no relationship between an icon's salience and fixation time. Our findings show that the influence of bottom-up attention extends beyond oculomotor behavior to include the encoding of information into memory.
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Visual saliency, like the case of the realistic landmarks in this study, improves wayfinders' recall performance.
“It also emphasizes the role of visual saliency – like the case of the realistic landmarks in our study – in improving wayfinders’ recall performance (Fine & Minnery, 2009).”
From The influence of landmark visualization style on task performance, visual attention, and spatial learning in a real-world navigation task (2024) · cites this paper as Fine & Minnery, 2009
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- Authors
- Fine, M. S., & Minnery, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Mitre (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Minnery, B. S.
- ORCID
- Fine, M. S.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-06-24
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 8016-8021
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6666026
- OpenAlex
- W1994624497
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- visual saliency, bottom-up attention, working memory, salience model, task difficulty, fixation duration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Cognition, Eye Movements, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Orientation, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Visual Perception, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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