Heterarchy and the Analysis of Complex Societies

The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution

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The origins of order; self organization and selection in evolution

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The Savage Mind.

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A hierarchical concept of ecosystems

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The Savage Mind

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A hierarchical concept of ecosystems

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Artificial Life II

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Hierarchy Theory: The Challenge of Complex Systems

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3 A marginal yet essential landscape

Boswell, A. (2022) · University of Colorado Press eBooks · doi:10.5876/9781646422951.c006 · Cited by 1

Narratives, Concepts and Data: The Relevance of Franz Boas’s Research Perspective for European Archaeology

Furholt, M. (2023) · Ethnographisch-archäologische Zeitschrift/Ethnographisch-archäologische Zeitschrift · doi:10.54799/lwsl6792 · Cited by 1

Las Alianzas conyugales mapuche. Una resistencia socio-familiar a la imposición de un modelo cristiano

Herrera, P. L. (2023) · Estudios Atacameños Arqueología y antropología surandinas · doi:10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2023-0006 · Cited by 1

OPPIDUM VOCANT, QUIDVIS CUM VALLO ATQUE FOSSA. SOME THOUGHTS ON OPPIDA, CENTRAL PLACES, AND SOCIAL COMPLEXITY IN THE EUROPEAN IRON AGE

Nión-Álvarez, S. (2023) · Oxford Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.1111/ojoa.12283 · Cited by 2

La performance del canelo y la cruz en las relaciones interétnicas hispano-mapuche durante el siglo XVII ¿lógica caníbal o registro histórico?

Larach, P. (2023) · Cuadernos de historia (Santiago) · doi:10.5354/0719-1243.2023.73082 · Cited by 1

Semiosis and the Sign

Kõvamees, E. (2024) · Theory and history in the human and social sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47001-1_1 · Cited by 1

United Professionally beyond Death: Community Building and Social Cohesion through the Place-Making of Urban Tombs in Rome

Lätzer-Lasar, A. (2024) · Journal of Urban Archaeology · doi:10.1484/j.jua.5.137203 · Cited by 1

De los Andes a la selva oriental: Complejidad social y dinámicas ocupacionales en un corredor de ingreso a la Amazonía peruana (Chillia, Pataz, La Libertad)

Mosna, F. (2025) · Ñawpa Pacha · doi:10.1080/00776297.2025.2468581 · Cited by 1

Bioarchaeology and the Bodies

Osterholtz, A. J. (2025) · Bioarchaeology and social theory · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85998-4_3 · Cited by 1

Capacious Model of Leadership Identities Construction

Egan, C., Shollen, S. L., Campbell, C. R., Longman, K. A., Fisher, K. R., Fox‐Kirk, W., & Neilson, B. G. (2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-68123-684-120251011 · Cited by 1

Understanding and advancing systems leadership in the early years

Siraj, I., & Sum, C. W. (2013) · Cited by 1

New SETI prospects opened up by current information networking

Piotelat, E., & Raulin-Cerceau, F. (2013) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550413000141 · Cited by 1

Elevated Crafts: Textile Production at Fortified Hilltop Settlements from the Migration Period

Lundin, L. W. (2016) · Cited by 1

He’s Maya, but He’s Not My Brother: He’s Maya, but He’s Not My Brother

Marken, D. B., Guenter, S. P., & Freidel, D. A. (2017) · University Press of Colorado eBooks · doi:10.5876/9781607325673.c008 · Cited by 1

Dealing with complexity in society: from plurality of data to synthetic indicators

Boccuzzo, G. (2015) · Cited by 1

Quantum Storytelling Consulting, Ensemble Leadership Theory, and World Ecology

Bøje, D. M. (2018) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78635-671-020181002 · Cited by 1

Vernacular as Homoarchic Mode of Existence

Selvamony, N. (2020) · South Asian Review · doi:10.1080/02759527.2020.1725225 · Cited by 2

The Neolithic in Greece

Small, D. B. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139034388.003 · Cited by 1

Origins of the State and Urbanization: Regional Perspectives

Kradin, N. N. (2020) · World-systems evolution and global futures · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51437-2_5 · Cited by 1

Bioarchaeological Approaches to Understanding Conflict and Collaboration: The Circulation of Violence as a Heterarchical Structure

Scaffidi, B. K. (2020) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.13488 · Cited by 1

The Nature and Origin of Independent Craft Production

Hirth, K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108859707.010

The Long-Term Context of Roman Expansion: Central Italian Society and Politics in the Early First Millennium BCE

Terrenato, N. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108525190.002 · Cited by 1

Organizational efficiency prospects for management in Industry 4.0

Pinheiro, P., & Putnik, G. D. (2021) · FME Transaction · doi:10.5937/fme2104773p · Cited by 1

La Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina) y sus relaciones sur andinas en tiempos del “fenómeno Isla”: Arqueología de Muyuna

Nielsen, A. E., Vázquez, M. M., & Avalos, J. C. (2021) · Latin American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/laq.2021.44 · Cited by 1

Introduction

Greenberg, R. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316275993.002 · Cited by 1

Classic Maya Networks

Martin, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108676694.012 · Cited by 1

Community’s House and Symbolic Dwelling: A Perspective on Power

Mora, S. (2022) · Humans · doi:10.3390/humans2010001 · Cited by 1

Status and Authority

Plusnin, J. M. (2022) · Societies and political orders in transition · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97829-7_10 · Cited by 1

Resuloğlu Erken Tunç Çağı Toplumunun Sosyoekonomik Yapısına İlişkin Gözlemler

ÜNAR, A. (2022) · Arkeoloji Dergisi · doi:10.51493/egearkeoloji.1086655 · Cited by 1

Veneration of Venus in Augustan love poetry as a metaphor of total devotion

Rüpke, J. (2022) · Religion · doi:10.1080/0048721x.2022.2150404 · Cited by 1

Städtische Heterarchie: Priester und Magistrate in der mittleren Republik*

Rüpke, J. (2024) · Schriften zur Alten Geschichte/Schriften zur alten Geschichte · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67239-6_6 · Cited by 1

The Dirt on Prehispanic Water Management at Palmarejo, Honduras

Darley, Z. E. (2011) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 1

Trade and Craft Specialization

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.018 · Cited by 1

On the Morphology of International Systems: Political Space as Structure and Process in Early Medieval Europe

Hall, M. R. (2004) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 1

The Social Dynamics of Everyday Life

Souvatzi, S. (2014) · Reviews in Anthropology · doi:10.1080/00938157.2014.964067 · Cited by 1

Book Review Africa: A Biography of the Continent. By John Reader. Hamish Hamilton, London 1997, 840 pp. ISBN 0-241-13047-6

Kusimba, C. M., & Kusimba, S. (1999) · African Archaeological Review · doi:10.1023/a:1021959113918 · Cited by 1

Evidence and Interpretation

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.006 · Cited by 1

Qualidade de vida e dinâmicas de conflito na população da península de Paracas, costa sul do Peru durante o final do Horizonte Temprano (400 a.C - 100 d.C)

Mejía, J. G. (2017) · doi:10.11606/t.41.2017.tde-03012017-113021 · Cited by 1

Toward a Media History of the (Digital?) Wunderkammer:A Case Study of Samuel Quiccheberg’s 1565 Proposal for an Ideal Wunderkammer

van Reenen, C. (2018) · Cited by 1

Anarchist Theory and Archaeology

Angelbeck, B., Borck, L., & Sanger, M. C. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_2627 · Cited by 1

Heterarchy

Dekker, E., & Kuchař, P. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_640-1 · Cited by 1

Music Cognition from Birth to Adolescence: A Structuralist ApproachPreprint

Nikolsky, A. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/dkpsj · Cited by 2

Untamed Amazonia

Fausto, C. (2022) · Hau Journal of Ethnographic Theory · doi:10.1086/722592 · Cited by 1

Institutions, Generative Processes, and Urban Order in Early CitiesPreprint

Smith, M. E. (2024) · SocArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/d7mye · Cited by 1

Centralization and integration in tairona chiefdoms of the río frío basin, sierra nevada de santa marta, colombia

Soto Rodríguez, L. M. (2026) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-026-09223-6 · Cited by 1

The Socio-Economics of Roman Storage: Agriculture, Trade, and Family

Van Oyen, A. (2020) · doi:10.1017/9781108850216

Des inégalités inégales

Stépanoff, C. (2020) · L Homme · doi:10.4000/lhomme.37607

THE EVOLUTION OF A FACTOID

Yoffee, N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489662.002

The Che of South-Central Chile

Sauer, J. J. (2014) · Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology/Contributions to global historical archaeology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09201-0_3

Ancient Maya Diet in the Three Rivers Region of Northwest Belize

Knisely, D. E. (2013) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)

THE MEANING OF CITIES IN THE EARLIEST STATES AND CIVILIZATIONS

Yoffee, N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489662.004

COMPOSITIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE EXCHANGE OF MUNA SLATE WARES IN THE LATE AND TERMINAL CLASSIC NORTHERN MAYA LOWLANDS

Gunn, C. M. (2002) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)

Class Systems and Social Mobility

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.010

Sociopolitical Constants and Variables

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.015

Preface

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.001

An Artifact of Postmedieval European Preconceptions: The Chiefdom Model Versus the Principle of ActualismPreprint

Kehoe, A. Β. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2276556

WHEN COMPLEXITY WAS SIMPLIFIED

Yoffee, N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489662.005

Priests, Festivals, and the Politics of the Supernatural

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.024

NEW RULES OF THE GAME

Yoffee, N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489662.009

Land Ownership

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.017

Literacy and Specialized Knowledge

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.027

References

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.014

Appropriation of Wealth

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.019

Cosmology and Cosmogony

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.022

Spatial organization and social relations in communities

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.006

References

Yoffee, N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489662.011

Power and Practice in the Prehispanic Andes: Final Comments

Moore, J. D. (2004) · Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association · doi:10.1525/ap3a.2004.14.261 · Cited by 12

DIMENSIONS OF POWER IN THE EARLIEST STATES

Yoffee, N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489662.003

Mesoamérica y la perspectiva del sistema-mundo: nuevos enfoques.

Filini, A. (2007) · XXVI Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Sociología

Democratic processing: Mastering the complexity of communicating systems

van Dijk, H. W. (2004) · University of Twente Research Information

Hierarchy, Heterarchy, and Power in Roman Religio-Political Life

Goldberg, C. (2012)

Community burial patterns

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.007

Development and decline of social complexity beyond the Central Plains

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.009

Cultural Constants and Variables

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.029

THE TRANSITION FROM BRONZE AGE TO IRON AGE IN THE AEGEAN: A HETERARCHICAL APPROACH

Enverova, D. (2012) · Bilkent University Institutional Repository (Bilkent University)

SCALING SOCIAL IMPACT UNDER DIFFERENT MODES OF WELFARE GOVERNANCE: AN ANALYTICAL PROPOSAL

Ferreira, S. (2011) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)

Kingship

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.007

INTRODUCTION

Yoffee, N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489662.001

Law

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.013

Changing bases of power: The transition from regional classic to recent in the Alto Magdalena (Colombia)

Romano-Gomez, F. E. (2013) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)

Urbanism

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.009

Setting the scene

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.003

Transformations des systèmes d'agglomération au Levant 3500-3000 avant notre ère : peut-on parler d' "urbanisations précoces" ?Preprint

Braemer, F. (2007) · HAL

The Senescent Mimbres Population: An Application of the Transition Analysis to the NAN Ranch Ruin Skeletal Sample

Lovings, A. (2012) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)

Administration

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.012

Los vínculos de intercambio entre el noreste de África y el Levante (ca.3400 - 3000 a.C.) The relations of exchange between Northeast Africa and Levant (ca.3400 - 3000 a.C.)

Quintana, C., & Investigaciones Científicas, Y. (2013)

The Economics of Power in a Classic Maya PolityMotul De San José: Politics, History, and Economy in a Classic Maya Polity. Edited by Antonia E. Foias and Kitty F. Emery. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2012.

Kosakowsky, L. J. (2013) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/671236

The Ethnic and the National in Political Science Discourse

Кузнецов, А. (2007) · Полис Политические исследования · doi:10.17976/jpps/2007.06.02

Developing Methods for the Estimation of Stature and their Use as a Proxy for Health among the Ancient Chachapoya of Peru

Anzellini, A. (2016) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research

Household subsistence and ritual

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.005

Appendixes

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.013

Of A Recovered Factory: New Subjectivities In Argentina's Recovered Factories

Monteagudo, G. (2016)

Military Organization

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.014

Reconstructing social processes

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.011

Cambridge Cultural Social Studies

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.002

ALTERED STATES: THE EVOLUTION OF HISTORY

Yoffee, N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489662.010

Conceptions of the Supernatural

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.021

Comparative Studies

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.004

Development and decline of complex societies in the Central Plains

Li, L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489624.008

Culture and Reason

Trigger, B. G. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840630.030

Hierarchy and Heterarchy: The Unity of Opposites

Zagarell, A. (1995) · Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association · doi:10.1525/ap3a.1995.6.1.87 · Cited by 21

Archaeologies of Complexity

Chapman, R. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203451779 · Cited by 271

Heterarchy and Social Theory

Crumley, C. L. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003352617-4 · Cited by 3

Archaeological Approaches to Inequality, Political Organisation, and Social Complexity

Arponen, R. O. A. K. O. E. B. V. P. J. (2026) · ROOTS studies · doi:10.59641/ddd456gp

Heterogeneity, Power, and Political Economy: Some Current Research Issues in the Archaeology of Old World Complex Societies

Stein, G. J. (1998) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/bf02443149 · Cited by 202