The importance of authenticity for self and society
Abstract
The transition from industrial to postindustrial society and from modern to postmodern culture has led to increased interest in authenticity. Such interest is widespread not only among those studying changes in social structure and culture but also among those who adhere to the social psychological tenet that self reflects society, and society, the self. In this article, I specify how issues of authenticity have become a pervasive part of our culture, our institutions, and our individual selves. Building on both Rosenberg and Turner, I conceptualize authenticity in terms of a commitment to self‐values. The relevance of this conceptualization is illustrated, first by demonstrating its implications for identity theory and second through its implicit use by others writing about the contemporary experience of being oneself. I conclude with a discussion of how this approach to authenticity may be used by social scientists to better conceptualize self in a way that explicitly incorporates the cultural implications of today's postindustrial society.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many definitions of authenticity suffer from the common mistake of confusing authenticity with sincerity.
“Although definitions of authenticity abound, many suffer from the common mistake of confusing authenticity with sincerity (Erickson, 1995).”
From Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership (2005) · cites this paper as Erickson, 1995
Authenticity is not an either/or condition; people are never entirely authentic or inauthentic, but achieve levels of authenticity.
“She and Heidegger (1962) describe authenticity as not an either/or condition, i.e., people are never entirely authentic or inauthentic. Instead, they can more accurately be described as achieving levels of authenticity.”
From Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership (2005) · cites this paper as Erickson (1995)
At times the actor experiences the contents of the self as if they are embedded within an autonomous self.
“Without denying the crucial and continuing influence of social relations on the contents of the self, this perspective recognizes that at times the actor experiences these contents as if they are embedded within an autonomous self (Erickson, 1995).”
From Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership (2005) · cites this paper as Erickson, 1995
The expression of nostalgia may represent the search for authenticity in an age where things, people, and experiences are quickly recommodified and resold.
“The expression of nostalgia may very well represent the search for authenticity in an age where 'nothing ever really ends, loses its appeal, or goes out of fashion for very long; things, people, and experiences are quickly recommodified and resold' (Erickson 1995).”
From Nostalgia: sanctuary of meaning (2006) · cites this paper as Erickson 1995
Cites
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925 · see citing works
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995 · see citing works
Behavior: The Control of Perception
Kuhn, A., & Powers, W. T. (1975) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2063243 · Cited by 2,398 · see citing works
Moral mazes: The world of corporate managers
Jackall, R. (1988) · International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society · doi:10.1007/bf01390690 · Cited by 1,296 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership
Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001 · Cited by 5,478 · see citing works
Can you see the real me? A self-based model of authentic leader and follower development
Gardner, W. L., Avolio, B. J., Luthans, F., May, D. R., & Walumbwa, F. (2005) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.003 · Cited by 2,232 · see citing works
Warning for excessive positivity: Authentic leadership and other traps in leadership studies
Alvesson, M., & Einola, K. (2019) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.04.001 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Authentic Leadership: An Empirical Test of Its Antecedents, Consequences, and Mediating Mechanisms
Peus, C., Wesche, J. S., Streicher, B., Braun, S., & Frey, D. (2012) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1042-3 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Anderson, H. J., Baur, J. E., Griffith, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (2017) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.08.001 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Nostalgia: sanctuary of meaning
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-6888 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Weischer, A. E., Weibler, J., & Petersen, M. (2013) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.03.003 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Addison, M. (2017) · Emotion, Space and Society · doi:10.1016/j.emospa.2017.01.003 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
- Authors
- Erickson, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Akron (US)
- Corresponding author
- Erickson, Rebecca J.
- Venue
- Symbolic Interaction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-06
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 121-144
- ISSN
- 0195-6086 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-8665
- OpenAlex
- W1972897836
- Cited by
- 633
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 15.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Symbolic Interaction (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Cultural Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Keywords
- authenticity, self-worth, self and society, identity theory, post-industrial society, postmodern culture, self-concept, social psychology of the self
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review