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Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion
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Astrocytes are housekeepers of the central nervous system (CNS) and are important for CNS development, homeostasis and defence. They communicate with neurones and other glial cells through the release of signalling molecules. Astrocytes secrete a wide array of classic neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones, as well as metabolic, trophic and plastic factors, all of which contribute to the gliocrine system. The release of neuroactive substances from astrocytes occurs through several distinct pathways that include diffusion through plasmalemmal channels, translocation by multiple transporters and regulated exocytosis. As in other eukaryotic cells, exocytotic secretion from astrocytes involves divergent secretory organelles (synaptic-like microvesicles, dense-core vesicles, lysosomes, exosomes and ectosomes), which differ in size, origin, cargo, membrane composition, dynamics and functions. In this review, we summarize the features and functions of secretory organelles in astrocytes. We focus on the biogenesis and trafficking of secretory organelles and on the regulation of the exocytotic secretory system in the context of healthy and diseased astrocytes.
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“An accumulating body of evidence emphasizes astrocytes as one of the major secretory cells in the CNS, responsible for secretion of neurotransmitters, growth factors, inflammatory mediators, and toxic proteins [33].”
From Crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia results in increased degradation of α-synuclein and amyloid-β aggregates (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Verkhratsky, A., Matteoli, M., Parpura, V., Mothet, J., & Zorec, R.
- Affiliations
- Ikerbasque (ES)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (IT)
- Civitan International (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- Corresponding author
- Verkhratsky, Alexei
- Matteoli, Michela
- Parpura, Vladimir
- Mothet, Jean‐Pierre
- Zorec, Robert
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 2016-01-12
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 239-257
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC4741299
- OpenAlex
- W2237126879
- Cited by
- 397
- References
- 253
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 18
- FWCI
- 4.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL AMU (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Alzheimer's Research Trust (02.B.49.21.0003)
- The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Scientific Foundation (14‐15‐00633)
- Italian Ministry of Health (GR‐2011‐02347377)
- Cariplo (2014‐0655)
- Progetto CNR Invecchiamento‐ CUP (B44G13000080005)
- National Institutes of Health (HD078678)
- CNRS
- University Aix Marseille
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale
- The Research Agency of Slovenia (P3 310, J3 3236, J3 4051, J3‐4146, J3 6790, J3 6789)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Keywords
- astrocytes, vesicular secretion, exocytosis, secretory organelles, synaptic-like microvesicles, dense core vesicles, exosomes, ectosome, lysosomes, astrocyte dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Astrocytes, Cell Communication, Central Nervous System, Humans, Protein Transport, Secretory Vesicles, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Secretory Pathway
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