Glutamate uptake

Danbolt, Niels C

doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00067-8

Cited by 4,068

Glutamate uptake

Danbolt, Niels C·2001·Progress in Neurobiology

DOI 10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00067-8

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Abstract

Brain tissue has a remarkable ability to accumulate glutamate. This ability is due to glutamate transporter proteins present in the plasma membranes of both glial cells and neurons. The transporter proteins represent the only (significant) mechanism for removal of glutamate from the extracellular fluid and their importance for the long-term maintenance of low and non-toxic concentrations of glutamate is now well documented. In addition to this simple, but essential glutamate removal role, the glutamate transporters appear to have more sophisticated functions in the modulation of neurotransmission. They may modify the time course of synaptic events, the extent and pattern of activation and desensitization of receptors outside the synaptic cleft and at neighboring synapses (intersynaptic cross-talk). Further, the glutamate transporters provide glutamate for synthesis of e.g. GABA, glutathione and protein, and for energy production. They also play roles in peripheral organs and tissues (e.g. bone, heart, intestine, kidneys, pancreas and placenta). Glutamate uptake appears to be modulated on virtually all possible levels, i.e. DNA transcription, mRNA splicing and degradation, protein synthesis and targeting, and actual amino acid transport activity and associated ion channel activities. A variety of soluble compounds (e.g. glutamate, cytokines and growth factors) influence glutamate transporter expression and activities. Neither the normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses no…

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Astroglial cells are the main regulators of cerebral glutamate clearance and metabolism.
“The astroglial cells are the main regulators of cerebral glutamate clearance and metabolism [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36].”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp>APOE3</scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
Glutamine can be reconverted into glutamate for use as a neurotransmitter or energy substrate.
“which in turn can be reconverted into glutamate for use either as a neurotransmitter or energy substrate [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27].”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp>APOE3</scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
Through GLAST, astroglia dynamically remove glutamate from the extracellular milieu, restricting its signaling activity in time and space and allowing for its recycling.
“Through the membrane glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST), the astroglia dynamically remove glutamate from the extracellular milieu, restricting its signaling activity in time and space and allowing for its recycling [25, 30, 33].”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp>APOE3</scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [25]

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Authors: Danbolt, N. C.
Venue: Progress in Neurobiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-09
Volume: 65
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-105
ISSN: 0301-0082
DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00067-8
Cited by: 4,068
References: 16
Language: en
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

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