The DOI matches its Crossref record; 298 of the 298 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cerebral cortex expansion and folding: what have we learned?
Open accessAbstract
One of the most prominent features of the human brain is the fabulous size of the cerebral cortex and its intricate folding. Cortical folding takes place during embryonic development and is important to optimize the functional organization and wiring of the brain, as well as to allow fitting a large cortex in a limited cranial volume. Pathological alterations in size or folding of the human cortex lead to severe intellectual disability and intractable epilepsy. Hence, cortical expansion and folding are viewed as key processes in mammalian brain development and evolution, ultimately leading to increased intellectual performance and, eventually, to the emergence of human cognition. Here, we provide an overview and discuss some of the most significant advances in our understanding of cortical expansion and folding over the last decades. These include discoveries in multiple and diverse disciplines, from cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating cortical development and neurogenesis, genetic mechanisms defining the patterns of cortical folds, the biomechanics of cortical growth and buckling, lessons from human disease, and how genetic evolution steered cortical size and folding during mammalian evolution .
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome
Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01262 · Cited by 7,187
Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Lancaster, M. A., Renner, M., Martin, C.-A., Wenzel, D., Bicknell, L. S., Hurles, M. E., Homfray, T., Penninger, J. M., Jackson, A. P., & Knoblich, J. A. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12517 · Cited by 5,372
A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome
Green, R. E., Krause, J., Briggs, A. W., Maricic, T., Stenzel, U., Kircher, M., Patterson, N., Li, H., Zhai, W., Fritz, M. H.-Y., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188021 · Cited by 4,318
Thompson, D. W. (2019) · Stripped Bare · doi:10.1515/9780691183978-018 · Cited by 4,177
Dynamic instability of microtubule growth
Mitchison, T., & Kirschner, M. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/312237a0 · Cited by 3,337
King, M.-C., & Wilson, A. C. (1975) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1090005 · Cited by 2,815
Cellular Scaling Rules for the Brains of Marsupials: Not as “Primitive” as Expected
Dos Santos, S. E., Porfirio, J., da Cunha, F. B., Manger, P. R., Tavares, W., Pessoa, L., Raghanti, M. A., Sherwood, C. C., & Herculano-Houzel, S. (2017) · Brain, Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000452856 · Cited by 2,642
The Glial Nature of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells
Kriegstein, A., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2009) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135600 · Cited by 2,475
The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains
Prüfer, K., Racimo, F., Patterson, N., Jay, F., Sankararaman, S., Sawyer, S., Heinze, A., Renaud, G., Sudmant, P. H., de Filippo, C., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12886 · Cited by 2,254
Noctor, S. C., Martínez-Cerdeño, V., Ivic, L., & Kriegstein, A. R. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1172 · Cited by 2,229
Cited by
Deconstructing cortical folding: genetic, cellular and mechanical determinants
Llinares-Benadero, C., & Borrell, V. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0112-2 · Cited by 243
Self-citationLong, K. R., Newland, B., Florio, M., Kalebic, N., Langen, B., Kolterer, A., Wimberger, P., & Huttner, W. B. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.013 · Cited by 196
Human TKTL1 implies greater neurogenesis in frontal neocortex of modern humans than Neanderthals
Pinson, A., Xing, L., Namba, T., Kalebic, N., Peters, J., Oegema, C. E., Traikov, S., Reppe, K., Riesenberg, S., Maricic, T., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abl6422 · Cited by 160
The Molecular Basis of Human Brain Evolution
Enard, W. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.030 · Cited by 55
Lee, W. S., Baldassari, S., Stephenson, S. E. M., Lockhart, P. J., Baulac, S., & Leventer, R. J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031344 · Cited by 45
Metadata
- Authors
- Fernández, V., Llinares‐Benadero, C., & Borrell, V.
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 2016-04-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1021-1044
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- OpenAlex
- W2317009739
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 298
- FWCI
- 15.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cerebral cortex expansion and folding: what have we learned? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.15252/embj.201593701
- The paper
- Fernández, V., Llinares‐Benadero, C., & Borrell, V. (2016). Cerebral cortex expansion and folding: what have we learned? The EMBO Journal. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201593701
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
