Cortical neurons arise in symmetric and asymmetric division zones and migrate through specific phases
Abstract
Precise patterns of cell division and migration are crucial to transform the neuroepithelium of the embryonic forebrain into the adult cerebral cortex. Using time-lapse imaging of clonal cells in rat cortex over several generations, we show here that neurons are generated in two proliferative zones by distinct patterns of division. Neurons arise directly from radial glial cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) and indirectly from intermediate progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Furthermore, newborn neurons do not migrate directly to the cortex; instead, most exhibit four distinct phases of migration, including a phase of retrograde movement toward the ventricle before migration to the cortical plate. These findings provide a comprehensive and new view of the dynamics of cortical neurogenesis and migration.
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IPCs can undergo 1-3 proliferation cycles before differentiation to neurons.
“IPCs can undergo 1–3 proliferation cycles before differentiation to neurons [97, 98].”
From The ASD Living Biology: from cell proliferation to clinical phenotype (2019) · cites this paper as [97]
A newly generated cell can differentiate into a neuron or become an IPC.
“The newly generated cell can differentiate into a neuron, or become an IPC [97].”
From The ASD Living Biology: from cell proliferation to clinical phenotype (2019) · cites this paper as [97]
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- Authors
- Noctor, S. C., Martínez-Cerdeño, V., Ivic, L., & Kriegstein, A. R.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Noctor, Stephen C
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2004-01-04
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 136-144
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2127220436
- Cited by
- 2,229
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 101 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 130 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 108 · 2015: 109 · 2014: 127 · 2013: 123 · 2012: 127
- FWCI
- 21.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (7r37ns038658-07)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-35710, NS 38658, NS-21223, R01NS021223)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- cortical neuron migration, cortical neurogenesis, radial glia, intermediate progenitor cells, ventricular zone, subventricular zone, symmetric cell division, asymmetric cell division, retrograde migration, cortical plate, cortical development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Movement, Cerebral Cortex, Embryo, Mammalian, Immunohistochemistry, Neurons, Organ Culture Techniques, Stem Cells, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Microscopy, Confocal, Rats
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