CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 149Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesHigher Education Research StudiesYouth, Drugs, and Violence

Drug use patterns and continuous enrollment in college: results from a longitudinal study

Open access
Arria, Amelia M., Garnier-Dykstra, Laura M., Caldeira, Kimberly M., Vincent, Kathryn B., Winick, Emily R., O’Grady, Kevin E.·2013·Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
DOI 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.71PMC PMC3517265
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between illicit drug use and academic outcomes among college students. This study characterized drug use patterns of a cohort of young adults who were originally enrolled as first-time, first-year college students in a longitudinal study. It evaluated the association between these drug use patterns and continuous enrollment during college, holding constant demographic characteristics, high school grade point average, fraternity/sorority involvement, personality/temperament characteristics, nicotine dependence, and alcohol use disorder. METHOD: Participants (n = 1,133; 47% male) were purposively selected from one university and interviewed annually for 4 years, beginning with their first year of college, regardless of continued college attendance. Enrollment data were culled from administrative records. Group-based trajectory analyses characterized 4-year longitudinal drug use patterns. Two grouping variables were derived based on (a) marijuana use frequency and (b) number of illicit drugs used other than marijuana. Seventy-one percent of the sample was continuously enrolled in the home institution during the first 4 years of study. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression models demonstrated that infrequent, increasing, and chronic/heavy marijuana use patterns were significantly associated with discontinuous enrollment (adjusted odds ratio = 1.66, 1.74, and 1.99, respectively), compared with minimal use, holding constant covariates. In separate models, drug use other than marijuana also was significantly associated with discontinuous enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: Marijuana use and other illicit drug use are both associated with a decreased likelihood of continuous enrollment in college, independent of several other possible risk factors. These findings highlight the need for early intervention with illicit drug users to mitigate possible negative academic consequences.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.71

Cites

60 of 60 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Over a four year period, around 40% of frequent marijuana users dropped out of college, compared to around 25% of minimal users.

    “In the context of substance use, Arria et al. (2013) showed that over a four year period, around 40% of frequent marijuhana users dropped out of college, compared to around 25% of minimal users.”

    From The effect of e-mental health interventions on academic performance in university and college students: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2020) · cites this paper as Arria et al. (2013)

    The Correlates of longitudinal drug use patterns section reports discontinuous enrollment for 40.8% of chronic/heavy marijuana users versus 24.9% of minimal users over four years. But the Measures section says discontinuous enrollment includes transfers and temporary gaps, and explicitly declines to classify students as having dropped out. The percentages therefore do not establish dropout rates. (LLM, conf=0.93)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Reports of retention and other long-term indicators of academic success are scarce, potentially because their assessment is sensible only in longitudinal designs (e.g., Arria et al., 2013; Eisenberg et al., 2009).

    “In a similar vein, reports of retention and other long-term indicators of academic success are scarce, potentially because their assessment is sensible only in longitudinal designs (e.g. Arria et al., 2013; Eisenberg et al., 2009).”

    From The effect of e-mental health interventions on academic performance in university and college students: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2020) · cites this paper as Arria et al., 2013

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. young adulthood: Clarifying the phenotype and environtype. American Journal on Addictions, 18, 36-47.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Arria, A. M., Garnier-Dykstra, L. M., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., Winick, E. R., & O’Grady, K. E.
Affiliations
  • Treatment Research Institute (US)
  • University of Maryland, College Park (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Publisher
Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Published
2013-01
Volume
74
Issue
1
Pages
71-83
ISSN
  • 1937-1888 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-4114
DOI
10.15288/jsad.2013.74.71
PMC
PMC3517265
OpenAlex
W2027922740
Cited by
149
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3
FWCI
8.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA14845, R56DA014845, R01DA014845)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
Keywords
illicit drug use, cannabis use, college retention, educational outcomes, group-based trajectory modeling, drug use patterns, alcoholism, nicotine dependence, young adults
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Marijuana Abuse, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Illicit Drugs, Students, Time Factors, United States, Universities, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review