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Cited by 224

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions

Nieschlag, Eberhard, Vorona, Elena·2015·European Journal of Endocrinology
DOI 10.1530/eje-15-0080
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Abstract

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are appearance and performance-enhancing drugs (APEDs) used in competitive athletics, in recreational sports, and by body-builders. The global lifetime prevalence of AASs abuse is 6.4% for males and 1.6% for women. Many AASs, often obtained from the internet and dubious sources, have not undergone proper testing and are consumed at extremely high doses and in irrational combinations, also along with other drugs. Controlled clinical trials investigating undesired side effects are lacking because ethical restrictions prevent exposing volunteers to potentially toxic regimens, obscuring a causal relationship between AASs abuse and possible sequelae. Because of the negative feedback in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, in men AASs cause reversible suppression of spermatogenesis, testicular atrophy, infertility, and erectile dysfunction (anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism). Should spermatogenesis not recover after AASs abuse, a pre-existing fertility disorder may have resurfaced. AASs frequently cause gynecomastia and acne. In women, AASs may disrupt ovarian function. Chronic strenuous physical activity leads to menstrual irregularities and, in severe cases, to the female athlete triad (low energy intake, menstrual disorders and low bone mass), making it difficult to disentangle the effects of sports and AASs. Acne, hirsutism and (irreversible) deepening of the voice are further consequences of AASs misuse. There is no evidence that AASs cause breast carcinoma. Detecting AASs misuse through the control network of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) not only aims to guarantee fair conditions for athletes, but also to protect them from medical sequelae of AASs abuse.

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Metadata

Authors
Nieschlag, E., & Vorona, E.
Venue
European Journal of Endocrinology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2015-08
Volume
173
Issue
2
Pages
R47-R58
ISSN
  • 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
  • 1479-683X
DOI
10.1530/eje-15-0080
OpenAlex
W2146362496
Cited by
224
References
10
FWCI
16.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1530/eje-15-0080
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Nieschlag, E., & Vorona, E. (2015). MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions. European Journal of Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-15-0080

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