The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The proatherogenic cytokine interleukin-18 is secreted by human adipocytes
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Interleukin (IL)-18, an important mediator of innate immunity and strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, was shown recently to be elevated in obesity. The aim of our study was to investigate whether human adipocytes produce IL-18. METHODS: Human adipose tissue was obtained from lean women undergoing elective plastic surgery and from obese individuals undergoing laparoscopic surgery (gastric banding). Preadipocytes from mammary adipose tissue were isolated and differentiated under defined adipogenic conditions. IL-18 expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Human preadipocytes of all differentiation stages spontaneously secreted IL-18. In parallel significant amounts of IL-18 mRNA were detected. Freshly isolated mature adipocytes from subcutaneous and omental depots also released IL-18. IL-18 release from adipocytes from obese donors was about 3-fold higher compared to adipocytes from non-obese donors. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that human adipose tissue produces IL-18 and thereby contributes to systemic IL-18 concentrations. This finding supports the concepts that adipocytes behave as primitive immune cells and that IL-18 may mediate some of the detrimental complications of obesity such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In the adipose tissue, the latest cytokine is released by both macrophages and adipocytes in obese mice and humans [237,238].”
From Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Controller of Biological Processes in Physiology and Diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [238]
Citations
Cites
PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6 · Cited by 316,394
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319246 · Cited by 10,041
Xu, H., Barnes, G. T., Yang, Q., Tan, G., Yang, D., Chou, C. J., Sole, J., Nichols, A., Ross, J. S., Tartaglia, L. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319451 · Cited by 6,760
Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ
Kershaw, E. E., & Flier, J. S. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0395 · Cited by 5,522
Esposito, K., Pontillo, A., Di Palo, C., Giugliano, G., Masella, M., Marfella, R., & Giugliano, D. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1799 · Cited by 1,511
Bastard, J., Jardel, C., Bruckert, É., Blondy, P., Capeau, J., Laville, M., Vidal, H., & Hainque, B. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.9.6839 · Cited by 1,124
Ziccardi, P., Nappo, F., Giugliano, G., Esposito, K., Marfella, R., Cioffi, M., D’Andrea, F., Molinari, A. M., & Giugliano, D. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc0702.104279 · Cited by 994
Is obesity an inflammatory condition?
Das, U. N. (2001) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00672-4 · Cited by 799
Expression of Interleukin-18 in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques and Relation to Plaque Instability
Mallat, Z., Corbaz, A., Scoazec, A., Besnard, S., Lesèche, G., Chvatchko, Y., & Tedgui, A. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc3901.096721 · Cited by 637
A proinflammatory role for IL-18 in rheumatoid arthritis
Gracie, J. A., Forsey, R. J., Chan, W. L., Gilmour, A., Leung, B. P. L., Greer, M. R., Kennedy, K., Carter, R., Wei, X., Xu, D., et al. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci7317 · Cited by 635
Gracie, J. A., Robertson, S., & McInnes, I. B. (2003) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0602313 · Cited by 620
Interleukin-18 Is a Strong Predictor of Cardiovascular Death in Stable and Unstable Angina
Blankenberg, S., Tiret, L., Bickel, C., Peetz, D., Cambien, F., Meyer, J., & Rupprecht, H. J. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000020546.30940.92 · Cited by 566
Gerdes, N., Sukhova, G. K., Libby, P., Reynolds, R. S., Young, J. L., & Schönbeck, U. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20011022 · Cited by 509
Inflammatory status and insulin resistance
Grimble, R. F. (2002) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/00075197-200209000-00015 · Cited by 411
Mallat, Z., Corbaz, A., Scoazec, A., Graber, P., Alouani, S., Esposito, B., Humbert, Y., Chvatchko, Y., & Tedgui, A. (2001) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/hh1901.098735 · Cited by 404
Reduced atherosclerosis in interleukin-18 deficient apolipoprotein E-knockout mice
Elhage, R. (2003) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(03)00343-2 · Cited by 378
Greenberg, A. S., & McDaniel, M. L. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.32.s3.4.x · Cited by 292
Visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome
Bosello, O., & Zamboni, M. M. (2000) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2000.00008.x · Cited by 285
Slow Breathing Increases Arterial Baroreflex Sensitivity in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Bernardi, L., Porta, C. D., Spicuzza, L., Bellwon, J., Spadacini, G., Frey, A. W., Yeung, L. Y. C., Sanderson, J. E., Pedretti, R. F. E., & Tramarin, R. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc0202.103311 · Cited by 276
Pairault, J., & Green, H. (1979) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.76.10.5138 · Cited by 261
Weight loss reduces interleukin-18 levels in obese women
Esposito, K., Pontillo, A., Ciotola, M., Di Palo, C., Grella, E., Nicoletti, G., & Giugliano, D. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.8.8781 · Cited by 254
Further Checkpoints in Th1 Development
Robinson, D. S., & O’Garra, A. (2002) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00331-x · Cited by 204
Effect of liposuction on insulin resistance and vascular inflammatory markers in obese women
Giugliano, G., Nicoletti, G., Grella, E., Giugliano, F. M., Esposito, K., Scuderi, N., & D’Andrea, F. (2004) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2003.12.010 · Cited by 164
Rothe, H. M., Jenkins, N. A., Copeland, N. G., & Kolb, H. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119181 · Cited by 159
Hoshino, T., Kawase, Y., Okamoto, M., Yokota, K., Yoshino, K., Yamamura, K., Miyazaki, J., Young, H. A., & Ōizumi, K. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7014 · Cited by 135
Chandrasekar, B., Vemula, K., Surabhi, R. M., Li‐Weber, M., Owen‐Schaub, L. B., Jensen, L. E., & Mummidi, S. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m313980200 · Cited by 127
Cultures of Human Adipose Precursor Cells
Hauner, H., Skurk, T., & Wabitsch, M. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-231-7:239 · Cited by 123
Rothe, H., Hausmann, A., Casteels, K., Okamura, H., Kurimoto, M., Burkart, V., Mathieu, C., & Kolb, H. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.163.3.1230 · Cited by 85
Chemoattraction of Human T Cells by IL-18
Komai‐Koma, M., Gracie, J. A., Wei, X., Xu, D., Thomson, N. C., McInnes, I. B., & Liew, F. Y. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.1084 · Cited by 79
Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome—a challenge of the new millennium
Hauner, H. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601350 · Cited by 77
The role of innate cytokines in inflammatory response
Liew, F. Y. (2003) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00238-9 · Cited by 57
Scaglione, L., Gambino, R., Rolfo, E., Lillaz, E., Gai, M., Cassader, M., Pagano, G., & Cavallo‐Perin, P. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00936.x · Cited by 47
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- 2001, The Journal of Immunology, 66, 7014
- Esposito, 2002, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 87, 3864, 10.1210/jc.87.8.3864 · DOI · Paper page
- 2002, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, 56, S25
- Bastard, 2000, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 85, 3338, 10.1210/jc.85.9.3338 · DOI
- 1979, PNAS, 6, 5138
- 1951, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 195, 265
- 2002, European journal of clinical investigation, 32, 24
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chronic Inflammation in Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Monteiro, R., & Azevedo, I. (2010) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2010/289645 · Cited by 1,186
“As already stated, adipocytes behave as immune cells [72– 75] and are able to synthesize and release a huge amount of proinflammatory adipokines and cytokines including leptin, resistin, PAI-1, IL-6, TNFα, retinol-binding protein 4 (see [16]), IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), CRP, macrophage migration…”
BackgroundDietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity
Calder, P. C., Ahluwalia, N., Brouns, F., Buetler, T., Clement, K., Cunningham, K., Esposito, K., Jönsson, L. S., Kolb, H., Lansink, M., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511005460 · Cited by 1,098
Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: From Vascular Biology to Biomarker Discovery and Risk Prediction
Packard, R. R. S., & Libby, P. (2008) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.097360 · Cited by 925
Fain, J. N. (2006) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(06)74018-3 · Cited by 702
Interleukin‐18: Biological properties and role in disease pathogenesis
Kaplanski, G. (2017) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12616 · Cited by 621
Metadata
- Authors
- Skurk, T., Kolb, H., Müller-Scholze, S., Röhrig, K., Hauner, H., & Herder, C.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Herder, Christian
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 863-868
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2159226285
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- IL-18, adipocytes, adipose tissue, obesity, preadipocytes, adipogenesis, cytokine production, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, innate immunity, omental adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Cell Differentiation, Female, Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, RNA, Messenger, Adipocytes, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Interleukin-18
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
