Changes in insulin resistance indicators, IGFs, and adipokines in a year-long trial of aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women
Open accessAbstract
Physical activity is a known modifiable lifestyle means for reducing postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but the biologic mechanisms are not well understood. Metabolic factors may be involved. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of exercise on insulin resistance (IR) indicators, IGF1, and adipokines in postmenopausal women. The Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial was a two-armed randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal, inactive, cancer-free women. A year-long aerobic exercise intervention of 225 min/week (n=160) was compared with a control group asked to maintain usual activity levels (n=160). Baseline, 6- and 12-month serum levels of insulin, glucose, IGF1, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), adiponectin, and leptin were assayed, and after data collection, homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) scores were calculated. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models. The treatment effect ratio (TER) of exercisers to controls was calculated. Data were available on 308 (96.3%) women at 6 months and 310 (96.9%) women at 12 months. Across the study period, statistically significant reductions in insulin (TER=0.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=0.81-0.93), HOMA-IR (TER=0.86, 95% CI=0.80-0.93), and leptin (TER=0.82, 95% CI=0.78-0.87), and an increase in the adiponectin/leptin ratio (TER=1.21, 95% CI=1.13-1.28) were observed in the exercise group compared with the control group. No significant differences were observed for glucose, IGF1, IGFBP3, adiponectin or the IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio. Previously inactive postmenopausal women who engaged in a moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise program experienced changes in insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and adiponectin/leptin that might decrease the risk for postmenopausal breast cancer.
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In patients who had recovered from breast cancer, those randomized to aerobic exercise showed reductions in insulin and leptin and increases in the adiponectin:leptin ratio but no significant change in adiponectin compared with the usual activity group.
“A study into the effects of aerobic activity in patients who had recovered from breast cancer reported that individuals who were randomized to the aerobic exercise group demonstrated reductions in insulin and leptin and increases in the adiponectin:leptin ratio but no significant changes in adiponectin compared with participants in the usual activity group148.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [148]
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In middle-aged and old obese patients, training intervention reduces leptin level: A meta-analysis
Rostás, I., Pótó, L., Mátrai, P., Hegyi, P., Tenk, J., Garami, A., Illés, A., Solymár, M., Pétervári, E., Szűcs, Á., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182801 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- Friedenreich, C. M., Neilson, H. K., Woolcott, C. G., McTiernan, A., Wang, Q., Ballard-Barbash, R., Jones, C. A., Stanczyk, F. Z., Brant, R. F., Yasui, Y., Irwin, M. L., Campbell, K. L., McNeely, M. L., Karvinen, K. H., & Courneya, K. S.
- Affiliations
- Alberta Health Services (CA)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Yale University (US)
- East Carolina University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Friedenreich, C. M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Endocrine Related Cancer
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2011-04-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 357-369
- ISSN
- 1351-0088 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6821
- PMC
- PMC3111235
- OpenAlex
- W2144160519
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Endocrine Related Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alberta Cancer Foundation (22170)
- Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance (017468)
- Canada Research Chairs
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factor I, IGF binding protein-3, adiponectin, leptin, adipokines, postmenopausal women, breast cancer prevention, HOMA-IR, insulin, adiponectin/leptin ratio, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Middle Aged, Somatomedins, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Exercise, Postmenopause, Adipokines
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