Prenatal programming of the female reproductive neuroendocrine system by androgens
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It has been clear for several decades that the areas of the brain that control reproductive function are sexually dimorphic and that the 'programming actions' of the male gonadal steroids are responsible for sex-specific release of the gonadotrophins from the pituitary gland. The administration of exogenous steroids to fetal/neonatal animals has pinpointed windows of time in an animals' development when the reproductive neuroendocrine axis is responsive to the organisational influences of androgens. These 'critical' periods for sexual differentiation of the brain are trait- and species-specific. The neural network regulating the activity of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones is vital to the control of reproductive function. It appears that early exposure to androgens does not influence the migratory pathway of the GnRH neurone from the olfactory placode or the size of the population of neurones that colonise the postnatal hypothalamus. However, androgens do influence the number and the nature of connections that these neurones make with other neural phenotypes. Gonadal steroid hormones play key roles in the regulation of GnRH release acting largely via steroid-sensitive intermediary neurones that impinge on the GnRH cells. Certain populations of hormonally responsive neurones have been identified that are sexually dimorphic and project from hypothalamic areas known to be involved in the regulation of GnRH release. These neurones are excellent candidates for the programming actions of male hormones in the reproductive neuroendocrine axis of the developing female.
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The ovulation-inducing LH surge is impaired in PCOS, resulting in lengthened or absent menstrual cycles.
“The ovulation‐inducing LH surge is also impaired, resulting in lengthened or absent menstrual cycles (Foecking et al., 2005; Robinson, 2006).”
From Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome are diametric disorders (2021) · cites this paper as Robinson, 2006
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Guerra, M. T., Sanabria, M., Grossman, G., Petrusz, P., & Kempinas, W. D. G. (2013) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.05.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Thangaraj, S. V., Zeng, L., Pennathur, S., Lea, R. G., Sinclair, K. D., Bellingham, M., Evans, N. P., Auchus, R. J., & Padmanabhan, V. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165674 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Programming of the reproductive axis by hormonal and genetic manipulation in mice
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Sex bias of the birth litter affects surge but not tonic LH secretion in gilts1
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Estrogen Receptor Immunoreactivity in Late-Gestation Fetal Lambs1
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The Endocrinology of Mammalian Reproduction
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Developmental Programming of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Role of Prenatal Androgen Excess
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The endocrinology of mammalian reproduction
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Metabolic and ovarian consequences of perinatal sex steroid programming
Alexanderson, C. (2008) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Yoshida, M., Katashima, S., Tahahashi, M., Ichimura, R., Inoue, K., Taya, K., & Watanabe, G. (2015) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.05.001
- Authors
- Robinson, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Robinson, Jane
- Venue
- Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-10-01
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 539-547
- ISSN
- 1470-1626 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-7899
- OpenAlex
- W1964708317
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- prenatal programming, androgens, sexual differentiation of the brain, hypothalamus, critical period, sex steroids, olfactory placode
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Animals, Brain, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infertility, Female, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Male, Neurosecretory Systems, Sex Characteristics, Species Specificity, Fetal Development, Endocrine Disruptors
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