Challenges in industrial applications of technical lignins
Open accessAbstract
The primary aim of modern biorefineries is the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic materials into valuable products. Sugars and oils can be converted into valuable chemicals, but processing of lignin is still a challenge. A vast amount of lignin is incinerated to produce process steam and energy, and only a very small part is used for the production of value-added products. Technical lignins are isolated as by-streams in lignocellulosic refineries, e.g., as kraft, soda, organosolv, and hydrolysis lignins, as well as lignosulphonates. They have a modified structure and contain impurities that are dependent on the processing method. The structure and the composition of technical lignins restrict their subsequent applications. This paper reviews limiting factors in utilization of technical lignins. Four major classes of problems are identified, and approaches to overcoming these problems are suggested.
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Kraft lignin is generated from the Kraft pulping process in pulp and paper industries from black liquor.
“Kraft lignin (a kind of technical lignin) is generated from Kraft pulping process in the pulp and paper industries from black liquor, among which sulfide solutions (i.e., sulfuric acid) is commonly used [177].”
From A review on lignin pyrolysis: pyrolytic behavior, mechanism, and relevant upgrading for improving process efficiency (2022) · cites this paper as [177]
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- Authors
- Vishtal, A., & Kraslawski, A.
- Affiliations
- Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (FI)
- Lappeenranta University of Technology
- Venue
- BioResources
- Publisher
- BioResources
- Published
- 2011-06-07
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 3547-3568
- ISSN
- 1930-2126 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1487812062
- Cited by
- 721
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BioResources (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Wood Treatment and Properties
- Keywords
- technical lignin, lignin valorization, biorefinery, lignocellulosic biomass, kraft lignin, soda lignin, organosolv lignin, hydrolytic lignin, lignosulfonate, lignin structure, value-added products
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