Cited by 699Regulation of Appetite and ObesityFood composition and propertiesDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

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High Glycemic Index Foods, Overeating, and Obesity

Ludwig, David S., Majzoub, Joseph A., Al-Zahrani, Ahmad, Dallal, Gerard E., Blanco, Isaac, Roberts, Susan B.·1999·Pediatrics

DOI 10.1542/peds.103.3.e26

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Abstract

Objective.: The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years. However, the role of dietary composition in body weight regulation remains unclear. The purpose of this work was to investigate the acute effects of dietary glycemic index (GI) on energy metabolism and voluntary food intake in obese subjects. Methods.: Twelve obese teenage boys were evaluated on three separate occasions using a crossover study protocol. During each evaluation, subjects consumed identical test meals at breakfast and lunch that had a low, medium, or high GI. The high- and medium-GI meals were designed to have similar macronutrient composition, fiber content, and palatability, and all meals for each subject had equal energy content. After breakfast, plasma and serum concentrations of metabolic fuels and hormones were measured. Ad libitum food intake was determined in the 5-hour period after lunch. Results.: Voluntary energy intake after the high-GI meal (5.8 megajoule [mJ]) was 53% greater than after the medium-GI meal (3.8 mJ), and 81% greater than after the low-GI meal (3.2 mJ). In addition, compared with the low-GI meal, the high-GI meal resulted in higher serum insulin levels, lower plasma glucagon levels, lower postabsorptive plasma glucose and serum fatty acids levels, and elevation in plasma epinephrine. The area under the glycemic response curve for each test meal accounted for 53% of the variance in food intake within subjects. Conclusions.: The rapid absorption of glucose after consumption of high-GI meals induces a sequence of hormonal and metabolic changes that promote excessive food intake in obese subjects. Additional studies are needed to examine the relationship between dietary GI and long-term body weight regulation. glycemic index, obesity, dietary carbohydrate, diets, insulin.

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Authors: Ludwig, D. S., Majzoub, J. A., Al-Zahrani, A., Dallal, G. E., Blanco, I., & Roberts, S. B.
Affiliations: Children's Hospital (TN)
From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, and
Tufts University (US)
ORCID: Ludwig, David S.
Majzoub, Joseph A.
Roberts, Susan B.
Venue: Pediatrics
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published: 1999-03-01
Volume: 103
Issue: 3
Pages: e26-e26
ISSN: 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.103.3.e26
OpenAlex: W2164074129
Cited by: 699
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 9.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k08dk002440-02)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K08 DK 02440)
National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR 02635, 2M01 RR02172, M01RR002635, M01RR002172)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords: glycemic index, obesity, overeating, voluntary food intake, energy metabolism, insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, plasma glucose, serum fatty acids, body weight regulation, adolescent boys, diet composition
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Hunger, Insulin, Male, Obesity, Regression Analysis, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Sucrose, Area Under Curve

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High Glycemic Index Foods, Overeating, and Obesity

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