The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What is the early adulthood outcome of boys who bully or are bullied in childhood? The finnish ‘from a boy to a man’ Study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to study predictive associations between bullying and victimization at age 8 years and psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. METHODS: The sample comprised 2540 boys born in 1981. Information about bullying and victimization was gathered in 1989 when the boys were 8 years old from parents, teachers, and children. Information about psychiatric disorders was based on military call-up examination and army registry when the subjects were 18 to 23 years old. RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression analysis, frequent bullying-only status predicted antisocial personality, substance abuse, and depressive and anxiety disorders; frequent victimization-only status predicted anxiety disorder, whereas frequent bully-victim status predicted antisocial personality and anxiety disorder. When controlled against the effects of parental education level and parent and teacher reports of emotional and behavioral symptoms by using Rutter scales, frequent victimization-only status predicted anxiety disorders, and frequent bullying-only predicted antisocial personality disorder, whereas frequent bully-victimization predicted both anxiety and antisocial personality disorder. Information about frequent bullying and victimization as primary screening for children at risk identified approximately 28% of those with a psychiatric disorder 10 to 15 years later. CONCLUSIONS: Both bullying and victimization during early school years are public health signs that identify boys who are at risk of suffering psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. The school health and educational system has a central role to play in detecting these boys at risk.
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“Experiencing bullying and persecution in school can have long-term consequences in the form of mental health problems in early adulthood. Among them, in addition to the depression above, are anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and addictions (24).”
Citations
Cites
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Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers
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Items 401–417 of 417
Bullying in the context of food allergy
Shemesh, E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96018-2.00044-4
Bullying and bullying victimization
Wright, M. F. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96023-6.00137-8
Cyberbullying and Suicide Attempts Among Adolescents: A Cross-National ComparisonPreprint
Grimland, M., Yuko, M., Lesinskienė, S., Li, L., Ong, S. H., Praharaj, S. K., Wiguna, T., Zamani, Z., Heinonen, E., Gilbert, S., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4800025
Mobbing als Risikofaktor im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Kaess, M., & Jantzer, V. (2024) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66744-6_52
Masuya, J., Kikkawa, M., Ono, M., Morishita, C., Ito, S., Nibuya, R., Tamada, Y., Takashio, O., Honyashiki, M., & Inoue, T. (2025) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint6010010
“Peer victimization experiences in childhood increase the risk of anxiety disorders in adulthood [9].”
Lin, P.-C., Tsai, C., Hsiao, R. C.-J., & Yen, C. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12040422
“Both peer victimization and aggression put adolescents at risk for poor psychological outcomes such as mood disorders [1–4], anxiety [1,3,5], psychological harm [6], alcohol and substance use [7], psychosis [4], suicidal ideation and attempts [1,3,8], nonsuicidal self-injury [1], sleep problems…”
Williams, J. S., Sherman, L. D., Antonchorgy, A., Halpern, E., & Aidoo-Frimpong, G. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23750-8.00018-7
Campbell-Hansen, L. M., Erlangsen, A., Hawton, K. E., Nordentoft, M., & Madsen, T. (2025) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2025-223809 · Cited by 1
Bullying and Children With Disabilities
Susan, P. L., Robin, M. K., Patricia, W. A., & Hy, V. H. (2016) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-68123-598-120251010
Golmaryami, F. N. (2013) · ScholarWorks @ The University of New Orleans (The University of New Orleans)
Het effect van Rots en Water op cognities en sociaal gedrag van VMBO jongens
van Gaasbeek, R. A. H. (2013) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Nuorena vanhemmaksi tulemista ja raskaudenkeskeytystä ennustavat lapsuusiän tekijät
Lehti, V. (2013) · UTUPub (University of Turku)
Salmivalli, C., Garandeau, C. F., & Veenstra, R. (2012) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-61735-809-820251014
Canoğulları, Ö. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-026-01137-y
Lee, J., Lee, I., Hong, S., & Han, S. (2026) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x261485225
Metadata
- Authors
- Sourander, A., Jensen, P., Rönning, J. A., Niemelä, S., Helenius, H., Sillanmäki, L., Kumpulainen, K., Piha, J., Tamminen, T., Moilanen, I., & Almqvist, F.
- Affiliations
- Departments of Child Psychiatry
- Columbia University (US)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tromsö University, Tromsö, Norway
- University of Turku (FI)
- Biostatistics, Turku University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Kuopio University, Kuopio, Finland
- Tampere University (FI)
- University of Oulu (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Venue
- PEDIATRICS
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2007-08-01
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 397-404
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2120938021
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 28.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- bullying, bullying victimization, early adulthood, mental illness, antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, boys, school health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Behavior, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Crime Victims, Conduct Disorder
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