The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Influenza-Associated Pediatric Mortality in the United States: Increase of Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Pediatric influenza-associated death became a nationally notifiable condition in the United States during 2004. We describe influenza-associated pediatric mortality from 2004 to 2007, including an increase of Staphylococcus aureus coinfections. METHODS: Influenza-associated pediatric death is defined as a death of a child who is younger than 18 years and has laboratory-confirmed influenza. State and local health departments report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on influenza-associated pediatric deaths. RESULTS: During the 2004-2007 influenza seasons, 166 influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported (n = 47, 46, and 73, respectively). Median age of the children was 5 years. Children often progressed rapidly to death; 45% died within 72 hours of onset, including 43% who died at home or in an emergency department. Of 90 children who were recommended for influenza vaccination, only 5 (6%) were fully vaccinated. Reports of bacterial coinfection increased substantially from 2004-2005 to 2006-2007 (6%, 15%, and 34%, respectively). S aureus was isolated from a sterile site or endotracheal tube culture in 1 case in 2004-2005, 3 cases in 2005-2006, and 22 cases in 2006-2007; 64% were methicillin-resistant S aureus. Children with S aureus coinfection were significantly older and more likely to have pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome than those who were not coinfected. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza-associated pediatric mortality is rare, but the proportion of S aureus coinfection identified increased fivefold over the past 3 seasons. Research is needed to identify risk factors for influenza coinfection with invasive bacteria and to determine the impact of influenza vaccination and antiviral agents in preventing pediatric mortality.
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In the citing paper
“Influenza B, although generally regarded as having less impact on morbidity and mortality in healthy persons can also cause severe secondary bacterial infection during seasonal influenza episodes, especially within younger age groups.”
From Bacterial and viral infections associated with influenza (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“deaths, especially in children are also associated with S aureus infection, as highlighted by the recent emergence of community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)”
From Bacterial and viral infections associated with influenza (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be the dominant pathogen involved in this synergistic process7 followed mainly by Staphylococcus aureus 5 and Haemophilus influenzae.12, 18”
From Bacterial and viral infections associated with influenza (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“with evidence that community‐acquired MRSA infections are leading to high levels of morbidity and mortality in individuals with influenza, especially children.5”
From Bacterial and viral infections associated with influenza (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Although reported less, influenza B has also been associated with severe bacterial co/secondary infection (Finelli et al., 2008; Aebi et al., 2010).”
From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Finelli et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“The disease is characterized as fulminant, with short intervals between onset of illness and diagnosis of pneumonia (,7 days) and rapid (often within ,24 h) progression to severe disease with multilobar involvement [6,7,9,11,12].”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“These strains are now frequently being identified as agents of bacterial pneumonia, particularly in children with influenza [10,11].”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In studies examining severe or fatal cases, however, the pathogenesis of influenza-associated S. aureus pneumonia seems to be distinct from that of typical community-acquired pneumonia.”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“the recently emerged USA300 and USA400 clones that have been linked to a surge in necrotizing pneumonia in patients with influenza [9-11, 15, 29-31] act synergistically with influenza virus.”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Influenza-staphylococcal coinfections have increased following the emergence of the USA300 and USA400 lineages [9,11,30,31], and S. aureus has been identified as a common cause of death during the recent H1N1 influenza pandemic [12,15].”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“This likely explains the changed epidemiological character that has been observed during the past decade, as S. aureus coinfections with influenza have become more common [10,11,47].”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationMethicillin-Resistant S. aureus Infections among Patients in the Emergency Department
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Items 301–312 of 312
Yeh, S. H. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0126-5.00008-2
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Étude de la pathogénicité des virus Influenza A/H1N1
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Metadata
- Authors
- Finelli, L., Fiore, A., Dhara, R., Brammer, L., Shay, D. K., Kamimoto, L., Fry, A., Hageman, J., Gorwitz, R., Bresee, J., & Uyeki, T.
- Affiliations
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Finelli, Lyn
- Venue
- PEDIATRICS
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2008-10-01
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 805-811
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2032287546
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 23.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Keywords
- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, bacterial co-infection, influenza vaccination coverage, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, influenza surveillance
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Male, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, United States, Superinfection, Incidence, Survival Rate, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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