Sleep duration and adolescent obesity
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Short sleep has been associated with adolescent obesity. Most studies used a cross-sectional design and modeled BMI categories. We sought to determine if sleep duration was associated with BMI distribution changes from age 14 to 18. METHODS: Adolescents were recruited from suburban high schools in Philadelphia when entering ninth grade (n = 1390) and were followed-up every 6 months through 12th grade. Height and weight were self-reported, and BMIs were calculated (kg/m(2)). Hours of sleep were self-reported. Quantile regression was used to model the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th BMI percentiles as dependent variables; study wave and sleep were the main predictors. RESULTS: BMI increased from age 14 to 18, with the largest increase observed at the 90th BMI percentile. Each additional hour of sleep was associated with decreases in BMI at the 10th (-0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.11, 0.03), 25th (-0.12; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.04), 50th (-0.15; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.06), 75th (-0.25; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.12), and 90th (-0.27; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.09) BMI percentiles. The strength of the association was stronger at the upper tail of the BMI distribution. Increasing sleep from 7.5 to 10.0 hours per day at age 18 predicted a reduction in the proportion of adolescents >25 kg/m(2) by 4%. CONCLUSIONS: More sleep was associated with nonuniform changes in BMI distribution from age 14 to 18. Increasing sleep among adolescents, especially those in the upper half of the BMI distribution, may help prevent overweight and obesity.
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Sleep curtailment and short sleep duration have been linked to increased adiposity and elevated body mass index in longitudinal studies spanning from infancy to adolescence.
“Sleep curtailment and short sleep duration have been linked to increased adiposity and elevated BMI in longitudinal studies spanning from infancy to adolescence (188, 189).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [189]
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“Some studies report no sex differences in self-reported sleep duration among adolescents (Lytle et al. 2011; Williams et al. 2013; Mitchell et al. 2013; Kocevska et al. 2021), but at least one study reported that male adolescents have shorter sleep duration compared to female adolescents (Pollak and Bright 2003).”
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Dai, H. D., Ingram, D. G., & Taylor, J. B. (2019) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2019.1607738 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sleep Duration and Weight-Related Behaviors among Adolescents
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Adachi‐Mejia, A. M., Edwards, P. M., Gilbert‐Diamond, D., Greenough, G. P., & Olson, A. L. (2014) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/fch.0000000000000044 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Determinants of sleep behavior in adolescents: A pilot study
Gruber, R., Somerville, G., Paquin, S., & Boursier, J. (2017) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.03.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lin, L. N., Chang, L., Hurng, B., Wu, C.-C., Yen, L.-L., & Chang, H. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx211 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Amrynia, S. U., & Prameswari, G. N. (2022) · Indonesian Journal of Public Health and Nutrition · doi:10.15294/ijphn.v2i1.52044 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Skidmore, P. M. L., Howe, A. S., Polak, M., Wong, J. E., Lubransky, A. C., Williams, S., & Black, K. E. (2013) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-128 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Even the most recent studies in this age group that have advantages such as using longitudinal rather than crosssectional data [28], or have large, nationally representative samples [29] rely on using BMI measures only.”
BackgroundCross-sectional sleep thresholds for optimal health and well-being in Australian 4–9-year-olds
Price, A. M. H., Quach, J., Wake, M. A., Bittman, M., & Hiscock, H. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.08.013 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Children with poor sleep have more emotional and behavioral problems, poorer health and quality of life, increased overweight and obesity, and poorer learning and cognitive functioning [4–10].”
BackgroundUsing explainable machine learning and fitbit data to investigate predictors of adolescent obesity
Kiss, O., Baker, F. C., Pálovics, R., Dooley, E. E., Gabriel, K. P., & Nagata, J. M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60811-2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The association between short sleep duration and obesity in adolescence has been supported by cross-sectional 69–71 and longitudinal studies 72 .”
BackgroundKwon, M., Page, S., Williamson, A. A., Morgan, S., & Sawyer, A. M. (2024) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.102008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Schäfer, A. A., Domingues, M. R., Dahly, D. L., Meller, F. D. O., Gonçalves, H., Wehrmeister, F. C., & Assunção, M. C. F. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.02.013 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Association between Self-reported Sleep Duration and Body Mass Index among Korean Adolescents
Lee, B. H., Kang, S., Choi, J., & Lee, Y. J. (2016) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2016.31.12.1996 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Several studies have investigated the relationship between sleep duration and being overweight (9,10,20).”
BackgroundPanda, A., Parida, J., Jena, S., Behera, S. S., Pradhan, A., Patra, P. K., Pati, S., Kaur, H., & Acharya, S. K. (2025) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-025-01088-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…energy-dense or high-caloric foods and non-vegetarian diets, high screen time, eating while watching television, lesser sleep duration, adopting the sitting/resting modes of transportation to school/ college (by buses, motorcycles, or cars) and within the younger (10–14) age group [70–79, 86, 87].”
Chang, L., Chang, H., Wu, W., Lin, L. N., Wu, C.-C., & Yen, L.-L. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0414-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Sleep in children with cystic fibrosis: More under the covers
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School Connectedness and Chinese Adolescents' Sleep Problems: A Cross‐Lagged Panel Analysis
Bao, Z., Chen, C., Zhang, W., Jiang, Y., Zhu, J., & Lai, X. (2018) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12608 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Characteristics of sleep habits among adolescents living in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP)
Ciampo, L. A. D., Louro, A. L., Ciampo, I. R. L. D., & Ferraz, I. S. (2017) · Journal of Human Growth and Development · doi:10.7322/jhgd.107097 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sufficient sleep duration in autistic children and the role of physical activity
Smidt, S. D. E., Gooneratne, N. S., Brodkin, E. S., Bućan, M., & Mitchell, J. A. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211053671 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“In addition, we controlled for being overweight because this has been associated with shorter sleep duration (Mitchell et al., 2013; Padez et al., 2009), physical inactivity (Miller et al., 2018), and ASD diagnosis (Must et al., 2017).”
BackgroundEffect of catch-up sleep on obesity in Korean adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Choi, Y., Kim, S., Lee, M., Lee, H. I., Song, K., Suh, J., Chae, H. W., Kim, H.-S., & Kwon, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1213558 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
de Souza, M. C., Eisenmann, J. C., Santos, D., de Chaves, R. N., Forjaz, C. L. M., & Maia, J. A. R. (2015) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.60 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sleep and Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Hanlon, E. C., Dumin, M., & Pannain, S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812840-4.00013-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The diagnosis and management of common sleep disorders in adolescents
Reiter, J. M., & Rosen, D. (2014) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000000113 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mental health and sleep habits/problems in children aged 3–4 years: a population study
Horiuchi, F., Kawabe, K., Oka, Y., Nakachi, K., Hosokawa, R., & Ueno, S. (2021) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-021-00213-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Several studies have indicated that the most marked reduction in sleep duration and the highest prevalence of daytime sleepiness occur in adolescents [15, 16].”
BackgroundNeural recruitment related to threat perception differs as a function of adolescent sleep
Tashjian, S. M., & Galván, A. (2019) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12933 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Partridge, S. R., Raeside, R., Singleton, A. C., Hyun, K. K., Latham, Z., Grunseit, A. M., Steinbeck, K. S., Chow, C. K., & Redfern, J. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/16481 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of Sleep Hygiene Index in Indonesian Adolescents
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Cao, L., Wang, S., Li, Y., Li, Y., Yuan, M., Chang, J.-J., Wang, G., & Su, P. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.057 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Childhood obesity in South Asian population
Pahuja, V., & Sanghvi, S. (2024) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100148 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Ensuring a quiet, electronic-free environment for sleep is also crucial [80].”
Burns, R. D., Bai, Y., Fu, Y., & Brusseau, T. A. (2019) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sleep duration and overweight: is there a relationship in adolescence?
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Sleep quality is mediated by physical activity level in adolescents
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Targeting Sleep Duration and Timing for Prevention of Adolescent Obesity
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Sleep Duration and Blood Pressure in Youth Referred for Elevated Blood Pressure Evaluation
Kogon, A. J., Maqsood, A. M., LoGuidice, J., Amaral, S. G., Meyers, K. E. C., & Mitchell, J. A. (2024) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-062940 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Weekday time in bed and obesity risk in adolescence
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Stressed and Losing Sleep: Sleep Duration and Perceived Stress Among Affluent Adolescent Females
Mousseau, A. M. D., Lund, T. J., Liang, B., Spencer, R., & Walsh, J. (2016) · Peabody Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/0161956x.2016.1227186 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“It is not uncommon for sleep duration to be measured via one or two self-report items in current research (e.g., Kalak et al., 2014; Mitchell et al., 2013).”
MethodAssociation between sleep quality and obesity in adolescents
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“The weighted average sleep time per day was calculated from the following equation: ((class nights × 5) + (weekend nights × 2)/7) [13].”
Năsui, B. A., Ungur, R. A., Nasui, G. A., Popescu, C. A., Hofer, A. M., Dersidan, S., Popa, M., Silaghi, H., & Silaghi, C. A. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10060922 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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“related to sedentary behavior of children [27, 28].”
Sleep Habits, Academic Performance and Health Behaviors of Adolescents in Southern Greece
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Performance of an automated sleep scoring approach for actigraphy data in children and adolescents
Chen, P.-W., Jansen, E. C., Cielo︎, C. M., Williamson, A. A., Banker, M. M., Kaye, M., Song, P. X. ‐., Peterson, K. E., Cantoral, A., Téllez‐Rojo, M. M., et al. (2025) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf282 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Evaluating the feasibility of delivering a sleep education programme in secondary schools
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“…sleep during adolescence has been associated with increased emotional reactivity, mental and physical ill health, poorer cognitive functioning and impaired academic performance (Beebe et al., 2010; Goldstein and Walker, 2014; McGlinchey et al., 2017; Mitchell et al., 2013; Titova et al., 2015).”
BackgroundCharacteristics of sleep habits among adolescents living in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP)
Ciampo, L. A. D., Louro, A. L., Ciampo, I. R. L. D., & Ferraz, I. S. (2016) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2016-0012 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Retracted
- Authors
- Mitchell, J. A., Rodriguez, D., Schmitz, K. H., & Audrain-McGovern, J.
- Affiliations
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- PEDIATRICS
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2013-05-01
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e1428-e1434
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC3639456
- OpenAlex
- W2115614234
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 14
- FWCI
- 27.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (F32CA162847, R01CA126958)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- sleep duration, adolescent obesity, body mass index distribution, body mass index percentiles, overweight prevention, adolescent weight gain, high school students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Life Style, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Obesity, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Confidence Intervals, Risk Assessment, Overweight
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