Sleep characteristics and cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents: an enumerative review
Open accessAbstract
Cardiovascular risk factors develop in childhood and adolescence. This enumerative review addresses whether sleep characteristics, including sleep duration, continuity, quality, and daytime sleepiness, are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young people. Thirty-nine studies were identified, which examined the following risk factors: metabolic syndrome, glucose and insulin, lipids, blood pressure, and cardiovascular responses to psychological stressors. Due to the availability of other reviews, 16 longitudinal studies of obesity published in 2011 and later were also included in this report. Excluded from the review were studies of participants with suspected or diagnosed sleep disorders and reports from sleep deprivation experiments. Combining studies, evidence was strongest for obesity, followed by glucose, insulin, blood pressure (especially ambulatory blood pressure), and parasympathetic responses to psychological stressors. There was little evidence for metabolic syndrome cluster, lipids, and blood pressure responses to psychological stressors. The more positive associations were obtained for studies that incorporated objective measures of sleep and that included adolescents. The foundational evidence is almost entirely cross-sectional, except for work on obesity. In summary, available evidence suggests that the associations between sleep characteristics and cardiovascular risk vary by risk factor. It is time to conduct studies to determine antecedent and consequent relationships, and to expand risk factors to include markers of inflammation.
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Cardiometabolic disease risk factors are often formed in childhood and adolescence.
“Considering that dietary habits persist from adolescence into adulthood (101), and that cardiometabolic disease risk factors are often formed in childhood and adolescence (102), understanding how chronotype influences diet quality and eating patterns in childhood and adolescence is essential in guiding the development of dietary strategies to prevent chronic disease development.”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [102]
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Tian, Z., Ye, T., Zhang, X., Liu, E., Wang, W., Wang, P., Liu, G., Yang, X., Hu, G., & Yu, Z. (2010) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.233 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Association of sleep duration with arterial blood pressure profile of Gujarati Indian adolescents
Shaikh, W., Patel, M., & Singh, S. (2010) · Indian Journal of Community Medicine · doi:10.4103/0970-0218.62571 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Morning Blood Pressure Is Associated with Sleep Quality in Obese Adolescents
Hannon, T. S., Tu, W., Watson, S. E., Jalou, H. E., Chakravorty, S. S., & Arslanian, S. A. (2013) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.10.011 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Li, C., Ford, E. S., Zhao, G., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.05.012 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Growth in Body Mass Index From Childhood Into Adolescence
El‐Sheikh, M., Bagley, E. J., Keiley, M. K., & Erath, S. A. (2014) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431613519499 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sleep Problems and Cardiovascular Function in Children
Martikainen, S., Pesonen, A., Jones, A., Feldt, K., Lahti, J. M. T., Pyhälä, R., Heinonen, K., Kajantie, E., Eriksson, J. G., Strandberg, T. E., et al. (2013) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31829cc915 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Children’s sleep and health: A meta-review
Matricciani, L., Paquet, C., Galland, B., Short, M., & Olds, T. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.04.011 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health
Almoosawi, S., Vingeliene, S., Gachon, F., Voortman, T., Palla, L., Johnston, J. D., Van Dam, R. M., Darimont, C., & Karagounis, L. G. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy070 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-regulation and sleep duration, sleepiness, and chronotype in adolescents
Owens, J. A., Dearth-Wesley, T., Lewin, D., Gioia, G., & Whitaker, R. C. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1406 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
on behalf of the “Ci piace sognare” Study Group, Brambilla, P., Giussani, M., Pasinato, A., Venturelli, L., Privitera, F., Miraglia del Giudice, E., Sollai, S., Picca, M., Di Mauro, G., et al. (2017) · Italian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-016-0324-x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Hemati, Z., Mozafarian, N., Heshmat, R., Ahadi, Z., Motlagh, M. E., Ziaodini, H., Taheri, M., Aminaee, T., Qorbani, M., & Kelishadi, R. (2018) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-018-0381-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Matthews, K. A., & Pantesco, E. J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Rowan University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Matthews, Karen A.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 18
- Pages
- 36-49
- ISSN
- 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4689674
- OpenAlex
- W772711389
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (HL025767)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep characteristics, cardiovascular risk, children, adolescents, sleep duration, sleep continuity, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, metabolic syndrome, glucose, insulin, lipids, blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure, parasympathetic response, childhood obesity, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Humans, Insulin, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Metabolic Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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