The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Core Symptoms of Autism Improved After Vitamin D Supplementation
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Among the environmental factors, vitamin D3 (cholecaliferol) seems to play a significant role in the etiology of ASD because this vitamin is important for brain development. Lower concentrations of vitamin D3 may lead to increased brain size, altered brain shape, and enlarged ventricles, which have been observed in patients with ASD. Vitamin D3 is converted into 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the liver. Higher serum concentrations of this steroid may reduce the risk of autism. Importantly, children with ASD are at an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, possibly due to environmental factors. It has also been suggested that vitamin D3 deficiency may cause ASD symptoms. Here, we report on a 32-month-old boy with ASD and vitamin D3 deficiency. His core symptoms of autism improved significantly after vitamin D3 supplementation. This case suggests that vitamin D3 may play an important role in the etiology of ASD, stressing the importance of clinical assessment of vitamin D3 deficiency and the need for vitamin D3 supplementation in case of deficiency.
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“In a recent case report, Jia et al. (2015) reported that shifting serum 25(OH)D concentration in a 32 month old child with ASD from 31 nmol/L to 203 nmol/L after two months of high dose vitamin D3 supplementation (150,000 IU per month administered intramuscularly plus 400 IU per day orally) improved autistic core symptoms [139].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [139]
In the citing paper
“The findings from this single patient cannot be generalised to all autistic patients but it does encourage further research in this area.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [139]
In the citing paper
“Scores on Autism Behaviour Checklist, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Severity of Illness of Clinical Global Impression increased from 80, 35 and 6 at the baseline to 39, 28 and 4 at the follow up, respectively.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [139]
Citations
Cites
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Vitamin D for health: a global perspective
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Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation
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Vitamin D hormone regulates serotonin synthesis. Part 1: Relevance for autism
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Vitamin D: a pleiotropic hormone
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Paternal Age at Childbearing and Offspring Psychiatric and Academic Morbidity
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hyman, S. L., Levy, S. E., Myers, S. M., COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, S. O. D. A. B. P., Kuo, D. Z., Apkon, S., Davidson, L. F., Ellerbeck, K. A., Foster, J. E. A., Noritz, G. H., et al. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3447 · Cited by 1,798
The Inositol Trisphosphate/Calcium Signaling Pathway in Health and Disease
Berridge, M. J. (2016) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00006.2016 · Cited by 779
Saggese, G., Vierucci, F., Prodam, F., Cardinale, F., Cetin, I., Chiappini, E., Angelis, G. L. D., Massari, M., del Giudice, E. M., del Giudice, M. M., et al. (2018) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0488-7 · Cited by 255
Autistic spectrum disorders: A review of clinical features, theories and diagnosis
Fakhoury, M. (2015) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.003 · Cited by 227
Vitamin D and autism, what’s new?
Cannell, J. J. (2017) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-017-9409-0 · Cited by 178
Metadata
- Authors
- Jia, F., Wang, B., Shan, L., Xu, Z., Staal, W. G., & Du, L.
- Affiliations
- First Hospital of Jilin University (CN)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Du, Lin
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2015-01-01
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e196-e198
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2124239189
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 9.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, vitamin D3 deficiency, vitamin D3 supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, core autism symptoms, brain development, environmental risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Cholecalciferol, Humans, Male, Vitamin D Deficiency, Vitamins, Treatment Outcome, Dietary Supplements
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