The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Antibiotic Exposure in Infancy and Risk of Being Overweight in the First 24 Months of Life
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Antibiotics have direct effects on the human intestinal microbiota, particularly in infancy. Antibacterial agents promote growth in farm animals by unknown mechanisms, but little is known about their effects on human weight gain. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic exposure during infancy on weight and height in healthy Finnish children. METHODS: The population-based cohort comprised 6114 healthy boys and 5948 healthy girls having primary care weight and height measurements and drug purchase data from birth to 24 months. BMI and height, expressed as z-scores at the median age of 24 months (interquartile range 24 to 26 months), were compared between children exposed and unexposed to antibiotics using analysis of covariance with perinatal factors as covariates. RESULTS: Exposed children were on average heavier than unexposed children (adjusted BMI-for-age z-score difference in boys 0.13 SD [95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.19, P < .001] and in girls 0.07 SD [0.01 to 0.13, P < .05]). The effect was most pronounced after exposure to macrolides before 6 months of age (boys 0.28 [0.11 to 0.46]; girls 0.23 [0.04 to 0.42]) or >1 exposure (boys 0.20 [0.10 to 0.30]; girls 0.13 [0.03 to 0.22]). CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic exposure before 6 months of age, or repeatedly during infancy, was associated with increased body mass in healthy children. Such effects may play a role in the worldwide childhood obesity epidemic and highlight the importance of judicious use of antibiotics during infancy, favoring narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey
Cole, T. J. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240 · Cited by 16,480
Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic
Akram, D. S., Astrup, A. V., Atinmo, T., Boissin, J.-L., Bray, G. A., Carroll, K. N., Chitson, P., Chen, C., Dietz, W. H., Hill, J. O., et al. (2000) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 12,945
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05414 · Cited by 12,444
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
Turnbaugh, P. J., Hamady, M., Yatsunenko, T., Cantarel, B. L., Duncan, A., Ley, R. E., Sogin, M. L., Jones, W. J., Roe, B. A., Affourtit, J. P., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07540 · Cited by 7,823
Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism
Tremaroli, V., & Bäckhed, F. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11552 · Cited by 4,387
Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity
Wang, Y., & Lobstein, T. (2006) · International Journal of Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1080/17477160600586747 · Cited by 2,669
Cox, L. M., Yamanishi, S., Sohn, J., Alekseyenko, A. V., Leung, J. M., Cho, I., Kim, S. G., Li, H., Gao, Z., Mahana, D., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.052 · Cited by 1,859
Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity
Cho, I., Yamanishi, S., Cox, L., Methé, B. A., Zavadil, J., Li, K., Gao, Z., Mahana, D., Raju, K., Teitler, I., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11400 · Cited by 1,613
The Nordic Countries as a Cohort for Pharmacoepidemiological Research
Furu, K., Wettermark, B., Andersen, M., Martikainen, J. E., Almarsdottir, A. B., & Sørensen, H. T. (2010) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00494.x · Cited by 585
Ajslev, T. A., Andersen, C. S., Gamborg, M., Sørensen, T. I. A., & Jess, T. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.27 · Cited by 534
Cited by
The microbiome in early life: Implications for health outcomes
Tamburini, S., Shen, N., Wu, H. C., & Clemente, J. C. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4142 · Cited by 1,213
Recovery of gut microbiota of healthy adults following antibiotic exposure
Palleja, A., Mikkelsen, K. H., Forslund, S. K., Kashani, A., Allin, K. H., Nielsen, T., Hansen, T. H., Liang, S., Feng, Q., Zhang, C., et al. (2018) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0257-9 · Cited by 875
The Long-Term Public Health Benefits of Breastfeeding
Binns, C., Lee, M., & Low, W. Y. (2016) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1010539515624964 · Cited by 730
Intestinal microbiome is related to lifetime antibiotic use in Finnish pre-school children
Korpela, K., Salonen, A., Virta, L. J., Kekkonen, R. A., Forslund, K., Bork, P., & de Vos, W. M. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10410 · Cited by 698
Puopolo, K. M., Benitz, W. E., Zaoutis, T. E., COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN, COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Cummings, J., Juul, S., Hand, I., Eichenwald, E., Poindexter, B., et al. (2018) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2894 · Cited by 459
Metadata
- Authors
- Saari, A., Virta, L. J., Sankilampi, U., Dunkel, L., & Saxen, H.
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2015-04-01
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 617-626
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2004326296
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 20.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Antibiotic Exposure in Infancy and Risk of Being Overweight in the First 24 Months of Life. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1542/peds.2014-3407
- The paper
- Saari, A., Virta, L. J., Sankilampi, U., Dunkel, L., & Saxen, H. (2015). Antibiotic Exposure in Infancy and Risk of Being Overweight in the First 24 Months of Life. Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3407
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
