The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Well-being of Parents and Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As the coronavirus disease pandemic spread across the United States and protective measures to mitigate its impact were enacted, parents and children experienced widespread disruptions in daily life. Our objective with this national survey was to determine how the pandemic and mitigation efforts affected the physical and emotional well-being of parents and children in the United States through early June 2020. METHODS: In June 2020, we conducted a national survey of parents with children age <18 to measure changes in health status, insurance status, food security, use of public food assistance resources, child care, and use of health care services since the pandemic began. RESULTS: Since March 2020, 27% of parents reported worsening mental health for themselves, and 14% reported worsening behavioral health for their children. The proportion of families with moderate or severe food insecurity increased from 6% before March 2020 to 8% after, employer-sponsored insurance coverage of children decreased from 63% to 60%, and 24% of parents reported a loss of regular child care. Worsening mental health for parents occurred alongside worsening behavioral health for children in nearly 1 in 10 families, among whom 48% reported loss of regular child care, 16% reported change in insurance status, and 11% reported worsening food security. CONCLUSIONS: The coronavirus disease pandemic has had a substantial tandem impact on parents and children in the United States. As policy makers consider additional measures to mitigate the health and economic effects of the pandemic, they should consider the unique needs of families with children.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Published reports suggest that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative effect on children’s mental health (1,2).”
From Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits Among Children Aged <18 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 1–October 17, 2020 (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“The increase in the proportion of ED visits for children’s mental health concerns might reflect increased pandemic-related stress and unintended consequences of mitigation measures, which reduced or modified access to children’s mental health services (2)”
From Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits Among Children Aged <18 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 1–October 17, 2020 (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Research by Patrick et al. (2020) finds that in the year since the beginning of the pandemic, a quarter of parents reported worsening mental health for themselves and a 14% worsening in the behavioral health of their children.”
From Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic—evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as Patrick et al. (2020)
In the citing paper
“They find that the combined impact of lack of child-care due to school closures, reduced access to healthcare due to closures and delays in visits, and declines in food security led to the most substantial declines in a family's mental and behavioral health.”
From Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic—evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as Patrick et al. (2020)
In the citing paper
“Research has already demonstrated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among parents and children with respect to social isolation, loneliness, and depression.”
From Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic—evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as Patrick et al. (2020)
Citations
Cites
Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19
Lee, J. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30109-7 · Cited by 1,882
Psychological distress and loneliness reported by US adults in 2018 and April 2020
McGinty, E. E., Presskreischer, R., Han, H., & Barry, C. L. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.9740 · Cited by 978
Income and Poverty in the United States: 2013
DeNavas-Walt, C., & Proctor, B. D. (2014) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/95en-kge7 · Cited by 664
Computing Response Metrics for Online Panels
Callegaro, M., & DiSogra, C. (2008) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfn065 · Cited by 516
Feeding Low-Income Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Dunn, C. G., Kenney, E. L., Fleischhacker, S. E., & Bleich, S. N. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2005638 · Cited by 342
Levinson-Castiel, R., Merlob, P., Linder, N., Sirota, L., & Klinger, G. (2006) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.2.173 · Cited by 329
Vogel, E. A., Ramo, D. E., Rubinstein, M. L., Delucchi, K., Darrow, S. M., Costello, C. R., & Prochaska, J. J. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa003 · Cited by 209
Neonatal opiate abstinence syndrome in term and preterm infants
Doberczak, T. M., Kandal, S. R., & Wilets, I. F. (1991) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82214-0 · Cited by 166
Tipirneni, R., Solway, E. S., Malani, P., Luster, J. E., Kullgren, J. T., Kirch, M., Singer, D., & Scherer, A. M. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20647 · Cited by 28
California Public Opinion On Health Professionals Talking With Patients About Firearms
Pallin, R., Charbonneau, A., Wintemute, G. J., & Kravitz‐Wirtz, N. (2019) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00602 · Cited by 27
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mental Health Surveillance Among Children — United States, 2013–2019
Bitsko, R. H., Claussen, A. H., Lichstein, J., Black, L. I., Jones, S. E., Danielson, M. L., Hoenig, J. M., Davis Jack, S. P., Brody, D. J., Gyawali, S., et al. (2022) · MMWR Supplements · doi:10.15585/mmwr.su7102a1 · Cited by 1,723
“Other surveys were developed that included questions on adult mental health (143,144), whereas fewer considered children’s mental health (145,146), and they lacked baseline data from before the COVID-19 pandemic for comparison.”
BackgroundImpact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents
Ravens‐Sieberer, U., Kaman, A., Erhart, M., Devine, J., Schlack, R., & Otto, C. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01726-5 · Cited by 1,189
Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic—evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Piquero, A. R., Jennings, W. G., Jemison, E., Kaukinen, C., & Knaul, F. M. (2021) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101806 · Cited by 759
“Research by Patrick et al. (2020) finds that in the year since the beginning of the pandemic, a quarter of parents re-ported worsening mental health for themselves and a 14% worsening in the behavioral health of their children.”
Leeb, R. T., Bitsko, R. H., Radhakrishnan, L., Martinez, P., Njai, R., & Holland, K. M. (2020) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6945a3 · Cited by 557
“The increase in the proportion of ED visits for children’s mental health concerns might reflect increased pandemic-related stress and unintended consequences of mitigation measures, which reduced or modified access to children’s mental health services (2), and could result in increased reliance on ED services for both…”
BackgroundNon-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review
Perra, N. (2021) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2021.02.001 · Cited by 540
“Health and wellbeing indicators Mental Health and wellbeing N > 10 Italy [157], 59 countries [158] N > 10 Bangladesh [159], China [160, 161], USA [162–164], Serbia [165] N > 5× 10 Canada [166], China [167], Ghana [168], Jordan [169], Italy [170], Russia and Belarus [26], USA [171–173] N > 10 USA [174] N > 10 Netherlan…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Patrick, S. W., Henkhaus, L. E., Zickafoose, J. S., Lovell, K., Halvorson, A., Loch, S., Letterie, M., & Davis, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Patrick, Stephen W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2020-07-24
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e2020016824
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W3044545080
- Cited by
- 1,200
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 212 · 2022: 353 · 2021: 343 · 2020: 35
- FWCI
- 94.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social impacts of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, parental mental health, child behavioral health, food insecurity, employer-sponsored health insurance, health care utilization, family well-being, pandemic mitigation measures
- MeSH terms
- Child Health, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Child, Child Care, Female, Food Supply, Health Policy, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Parents, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Assistance, United States, Coronavirus Infections, Insurance Coverage, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
