Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19
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College students are more vulnerable to negative events and tend to feel more anxious, depressed or stressed during COVID-19 than in normal times.
“This may be because college students are more vulnerable to negative events and tend to feel more anxious, depressed or stressed during COVID-19 than during normal times (Gloster et al., 2020;Lee, 2020;Tuo et al., 2021).”
From Online Self-Help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Module for College Students with Higher Gaming Disorder During COVID-19: A Pilot Study (2023) · cites this paper as Lee, 2020
The Features section says college and university students were stressed by pandemic-related disruptions, that final-year students were anxious about the job market, and that college students were vulnerable under current academic and financial burdens. It does not say college students were more anxious, depressed, or stressed than in normal times, or report depression specifically among college students. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe constraint of movement imposed on children can have a long-term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing.
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
From Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Lee, 2020
The Features section links school closures and social distancing to disrupted routines, isolation, and worsening symptoms in some children. It also says the long-term mental-health effects on children are not well known and calls for further study; it does not establish that restricted movement itself causes long-term harm to children's overall psychological wellbeing. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWith closure of special schools and day care centres, children with special needs lack access to resource material, peer group interactions, and opportunities to learn and develop social and behavioural skills, which may lead to regression and symptom relapse.
“With the closure of special schools and day care centres these children lack access to resource material, peer group interactions and opportunities of learning and developing important social and behavioural skills in due time may lead to regression to the past behavior as they lose anchor in life, as a result of this their symptoms could relapse (Lee, 2020).”
From Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Lee, 2020
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOlder adolescents and youth are anxious about cancellation of examinations, exchange programs, and academic events.
“A study found that older adolescents and youth are anxious regarding cancellation of examinations, exchange programs and academic events (Lee, 2020).”
From Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Lee, 2020
The Features section reports exam-related stress among a 17-year-old candidate and stress among college and university students over cancelled exchange studies and graduation ceremonies. But Lee’s article is a feature reporting a poll and students’ accounts, not a study that itself found all of these effects; the exam account concerns postponement and uncertainty rather than cancellation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNationwide closures of schools and colleges negatively impacted more than 91% of the world's student population.
“Unfortunately, the nationwide closures of schools and colleges have negatively impacted over 91% of the world's student population (Lee, 2020).”
From Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Lee, 2020
The Features section reports that, as of April 8, 2020, schools were suspended nationwide in 188 countries and over 90% of enrolled learners worldwide were out of education. That supports a widespread negative educational impact, but it does not establish the claim’s more specific figure of over 91%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Some children expressed lower affect because they could not play outdoors, meet friends, or engage in in-person school activities.
“Some children have expressed lower levels of affect for not being able to play outdoors, not meeting friends and not engaging in the in-person school activities (Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Zhai and Du, 2020).”
From Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Lee, 2020
The Features section reports that school closures disrupted routines and that some young people with existing mental health needs said their conditions worsened. It does not report children expressing lower affect specifically because they could not play outdoors, meet friends, or take part in in-person school activities. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdults and older children served as respondents in the cited studies.
“The adults and older children were the respondents of the study(Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Viner et al., 2020b; Wang et al., 2020).”
From Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Lee, 2020
The Features section reports a YoungMinds survey of 2,111 participants up to age 25 and a poll of 757 university-entrance candidates, supporting that older children or young people were respondents. It does not establish that adults responded, and Lee’s article reports these surveys rather than conducting a study with its own respondents. (LLM, conf=0.81)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeer support groups, face-to-face services, and telephone support services can be challenging for some children.
“Peer support groups, face-to-face services, and telephone support services can be challenging for some children [2].”
From Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
The Features section says peer support groups and face-to-face services had been cancelled, while support by phone or online could be challenging for some young people. It does not say the groups and face-to-face services were themselves challenging to use. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in mental health problems in children and teenagers worldwide, including increasing rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide.
“There was a marked decline in child and teenage mental health worldwide during the pandemic, with increasing prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicide.”
From Psychological Interventions and Those With Elements of Positive Psychology for Child and Youth Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Literature Review, Lessons Learned, and Areas for Future Knowledge Dissemination (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
The Features section reports that 83% of surveyed UK young people with a history of mental illness said the pandemic worsened their conditions. It also describes risks to young people with depression or anxiety. It does not establish a worldwide decline in child and teenage mental health or increasing prevalence of depression, anxiety, or suicide. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAn increase in worries related to the future, like school success, university access, and employment chances, has been noted.
“Additionally, social isolation poses a risk factor for domestic violence, and an increase in worries related to the future, like school success, university access, and employment chances, has been noted [18].”
From Effectiveness of Online and Remote Interventions for Mental Health in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The Features section reports stress about postponed university entrance exams and anxiety about the job market; it also says social isolation in an abusive home can exacerbate abuse. It does not establish that worries increased over time or specifically report worries about school success. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSocial isolation poses a risk factor for domestic violence.
“Additionally, social isolation poses a risk factor for domestic violence, and an increase in worries related to the future, like school success, university access, and employment chances, has been noted [18].”
From Effectiveness of Online and Remote Interventions for Mental Health in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The Features passage says social distancing can isolate people in an abusive home and that abuse is likely to worsen during economic uncertainty and stress. This supports a risk in that specific setting, but not the broader claim that social isolation generally poses a risk factor for domestic violence. The Features passage on exams and the job market also supports the sentence’s point about worries for the future. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPublished reports suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on children's mental health.
“Published reports suggest that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative effect on children’s mental health (1,2).”
School shutdowns in isolation prevent about 2-4% additional deaths, which is less than other social distancing measures.
“Current studies related to COVID-19 demonstrate that school shut downs in isolation prevent about 2-4% additional deaths which is quite less if compared to usage of other measures of social distancing.”
From Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Lee, 2020
The Features section discusses school closures and their effects on young people’s mental health, but does not estimate deaths prevented. Searches for the 2–4% figure and for a comparison with other social-distancing measures found no supporting passage in our copy; no page number was provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOnline learning poses significant barriers for adolescents.
“Recent theoretical work suggests online learning poses significant barriers for adolescents [9,11]”
From “I Hate This”: A Qualitative Analysis of Adolescents' Self-Reported Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Subsidized meal programs, vaccination clinics, and school nurses are crucial resources for youth health care, now severely limited or unavailable.
“Subsidized meal programs, vaccination clinics, and school nurses are also crucial resources for youth health care, which are now severely limited or unavailable [9,11].”
From “I Hate This”: A Qualitative Analysis of Adolescents' Self-Reported Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
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“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
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“For many youths around the globe, schools have been closed (Lee, 2020), extracurricular activities and milestones (e.”
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- Authors
- Lee, J.
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Joyce
- Venue
- The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 421
- ISSN
- 2352-4642 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7156240
- OpenAlex
- W3016529082
- Cited by
- 1,882
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 318 · 2022: 466 · 2021: 517 · 2020: 246 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 154.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2020-06-01)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Education › Education during COVID-19 pandemic
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- school closures, COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, children and adolescents, educational disruption, social distancing, school suspension
- MeSH terms
- Child Health, COVID-19, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Mental Health, Pneumonia, Viral, Schools, Stress, Psychological, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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