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Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Human Milk Over 4 Months of Lactation
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the carbohydrate content (monosaccharides, lactose, and oligosaccharides) of human milk over 4 months of lactation to determine whether any changes occurred over time. Milk samples from 46 mothers, who delivered at term, were collected at 4th, 10th, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th days after delivery. Carbohydrates were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Mean lactose concentration (±SD) increased from 56 ± 6.06 g/L on day 4 to 68.9 ± 8.16 g/L on day 120. Oligosaccharide level decreased from 20.9 ± 4.81 g/L to 12.9 ± 3.30 g/L, respectively. Monosaccharides represented only 1.2% of total carbohydrates. The changes in carbohydrate composition found indicate that carbohydrate synthesis by the mammary gland is a dynamic process. The physiological and biological relevance of human milk oligosaccharides is also discussed.
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Cited by
Human milk glycobiome and its impact on the infant gastrointestinal microbiota
Zivkovic, A. M., German, J. B., Lebrilla, C. B., & Mills, D. A. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000083107 · Cited by 679
Breast milk, a source of beneficial microbes and associated benefits for infant health
Lyons, K. E., Ryan, C. A., Dempsey, E. M., Ross, R. P., & Stanton, C. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12041039 · Cited by 613
Nursing our microbiota: molecular linkages between bifidobacteria and milk oligosaccharides
Sela, D. A., & Mills, D. A. (2010) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.03.008 · Cited by 468
Variation of human milk oligosaccharides in relation to milk groups and lactational periods
Thurl, S., Munzert, M., Henker, J., Boehm, G., Müller-Werner, B., Jelinek, J., & Stahl, B. (2010) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510002072 · Cited by 438
Breast milk oligosaccharides: structure-function relationships in the neonate
Smilowitz, J. T., Lebrilla, C. B., Mills, D. A., German, J. B., & Freeman, S. L. (2014) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105721 · Cited by 410
Metadata
- Authors
- Coppa, G. V., Gabrielli, O., Pierani, P., Catassi, C., Carlucci, A., & Giorgi, P. L.
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 1993-03-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 637-641
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W1482786199
- Cited by
- 297
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Coppa, G. V., Gabrielli, O., Pierani, P., Catassi, C., Carlucci, A., & Giorgi, P. L. (1993). Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Human Milk Over 4 Months of Lactation. Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.3.637
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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