Short Sleep Duration Among Middle School and High School Students — United States, 2015
Open accessAbstract
Insufficient sleep among children and adolescents is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes, injuries, poor mental health, attention and behavior problems, and poor academic performance (1-4). The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has recommended that, for optimal health, children aged 6-12 years should regularly sleep 9-12 hours per 24 hours and teens aged 13-18 years should sleep 8-10 hours per 24 hours (1). CDC analyzed data from the 2015 national, state, and large urban school district Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBSs) to determine the prevalence of short sleep duration (<9 hours for children aged 6-12 years and <8 hours for teens aged 13-18 years) on school nights among middle school and high school students in the United States. In nine states that conducted the middle school YRBS and included a question about sleep duration in their questionnaire, the prevalence of short sleep duration among middle school students was 57.8%, with state-level estimates ranging from 50.2% (New Mexico) to 64.7% (Kentucky). The prevalence of short sleep duration among high school students in the national YRBS was 72.7%. State-level estimates of short sleep duration for the 30 states that conducted the high school YRBS and included a question about sleep duration in their questionnaire ranged from 61.8% (South Dakota) to 82.5% (West Virginia). The large percentage of middle school and high school students who do not get enough sleep on school nights suggests a need for promoting sleep health in schools and at home and delaying school start times to permit students adequate time for sleep.
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Girls, non-Whites, and adolescents from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds are more likely to report short sleep duration compared to other groups.
“there are sleep disparities among adolescents, with girls, non-Whites, and those from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, being more likely to report short sleep duration compared to other groups [7,8].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The Abstract (page unavailable) reports higher short-sleep prevalence among girls at both school levels and among some racial/ethnic groups. It does not support the blanket claim about non-White adolescents: Hispanic students had a lower prevalence than White students in the national high-school sample. The reported analyses cover sex, grade, and race/ethnicity, not socioeconomic status; a search for SES-related terms found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Cites
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- Authors
- Wheaton, A. G., Jones, S. E., Cooper, A. C., & Croft, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wheaton, Anne G.
- Venue
- MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2018-01-26
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 85-90
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- PMC
- PMC5812312
- OpenAlex
- W2784729771
- Semantic Scholar
- e6e163fce556306183491a06228fb12d03195c56
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 42.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- short sleep duration, insufficient sleep, adolescents, junior high school students, high school students, sleep health, school start time, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, state-level prevalence, sleep recommendations
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Sleep Deprivation, Students, United States, Prevalence
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