Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences
Open accessAbstract
Chronic sleep loss and associated sleepiness and daytime impairments in adolescence are a serious threat to the academic success, health, and safety of our nation’s youth and an important public health issue. Understanding the extent and potential short- and long-term repercussions of sleep restriction, as well as the unhealthy sleep practices and environmental factors that contribute to sleep loss in adolescents, is key in setting public policies to mitigate these effects and in counseling patients and families in the clinical setting. This report reviews the current literature on sleep patterns in adolescents, factors contributing to chronic sleep loss (ie, electronic media use, caffeine consumption), and health-related consequences, such as depression, increased obesity risk, and higher rates of drowsy driving accidents. The report also discusses the potential role of later school start times as a means of reducing adolescent sleepiness.
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These slightly later rise times are unlikely to fully compensate for delayed sleep onset on school days and suggest sleep restriction in a population where sleep need is high.
“Consequently, these slightly later rise times are unlikely to fully compensate for delayed sleep onset on school days and suggest sleep restriction in a population where sleep need is high.6”
From Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Adolescence brings about a 'Perfect Storm' of biological, psychosocial and societal factors that work together to produce short and ill-timed sleep for a majority of this population, where sleep need remains high.
“Adolescence has been described as bringing about a "Perfect Storm" of biological, psychosocial and societal factors that work together to produce short and ill-timed sleep for a majority of this population, where sleep need remains high [22,69,70].”
From Understanding Links Between Social Media Use, Sleep and Mental Health: Recent Progress and Current Challenges (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
Smartphones peaked in the hours before bedtime.
“Here, we found that smartphones peaked in the hours before bedtime, supporting evidence that portable devices are increasingly part of the adolescent sleeping environment [60].”
From Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
Portable devices are increasingly part of the adolescent sleeping environment.
“supporting evidence that portable devices are increasingly part of the adolescent sleeping environment [60].”
From Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
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BackgroundThe impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education
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- Authors
- Owens, J., ADOLESCENT SLEEP WORKING GROUP, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., Adelman, W. P., Breuner, C. C., Levine, D. A., Marcell, A. V., Murray, P. J., & O’Brien, R. F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2014-09-01
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e921-e932
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC8194472
- OpenAlex
- W2100315071
- Cited by
- 1,413
- References
- 184
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 131 · 2023: 139 · 2022: 163 · 2021: 151 · 2020: 156 · 2019: 127 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 9.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U54GM104942)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- insufficient sleep, chronic sleep loss, adolescents, young adults, sleep deprivation, electronic media use, caffeine consumption, sleepiness, depression, obesity risk, drowsy driving, sleep patterns, public health policy
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Traffic, Adolescent, Caffeine, Communications Media, Depression, Humans, Obesity, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Wake Disorders, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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