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Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research
Open accessAbstract
We review the literature on corporate sustainability and provide directions for future research. Our review focuses on three actions: measuring, managing and communicating corporate sustainability performance. Measurement is the least developed of the three and represents promising opportunities for research. Compelling evidence now exists on the role of management control systems, investor pressure and mandated disclosure in improving corporate sustainability outcomes. Research has moved beyond weighing the importance of all sustainability issues equally, with recent studies drawing distinctions between the financial materiality of different sustainability issues. Collectively, this new line of inquiry suggests that improving performance on material sustainability metrics is related to improved financial performance, helping to resolve four decades of inconclusive evidence on the relation between sustainability and financial outcomes. Finally, we review research on how disclosure mediums, accounting standards, information monitors and intermediaries shape the communication of sustainability performance. We conclude with a call for research on how to measure performance in the 21st century when corporate purpose extends beyond shareholder value maximization.
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CSR information can be useful to investors in estimating future cash flows or assessing firms' risks because CSR and sustainability topics are often closely related to firms' normal business activities.
“CSR information can be useful to investors in estimating future cash flows or assessing firms’ risks, because CSR and sustainability topics are often closely related to firms’ normal business activities (e.g., Dhaliwal et al. 2011; Dhaliwal et al. 2012; Grewal et al. 2020).”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Grewal et al. 2020
Grewal et al. (2020) find a negative relation between material CSR disclosures and bid-ask spreads or zero return days.
“Grewal et al. (2020) find a negative relation between material CSR disclosures and bid-ask spreads or zero return days.”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Grewal et al. 2020
Using ESG disclosure data in Bloomberg, Grewal et al. (2020) find that, on average, firms provide only about 18% (median: 13%) of the prescribed SASB disclosure items.
“Relatedly, using ESG disclosure data in Bloomberg, Grewal et al. (2020) find that, on average, firms provide only about 18% (median: 13%) of the prescribed SASB disclosure items (which serve as the benchmark for financially material CSR disclosures).”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Grewal et al. (2020)
Grewal et al. (2020) already find the negative association before the SASB standards were issued.
“However, the study already finds the negative association before the SASB standards were issued.”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Grewal et al. (2020)
The negative association in Grewal et al. (2020) is stronger after the introduction of new SASB standards and for firms or shareholders for which CSR issues are more important.
“The results are stronger after the introduction of new SASB standards and for firms or shareholders for which CSR issues are more important.”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Grewal et al. (2020)
Grewal et al. (2020) find a negative association between changes in their material CSR disclosure score and changes in stock price synchronicity.
“find a negative association between (changes in) this score and (changes in) stock price synchronicity”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Grewal et al. (2020)
Grewal et al. (2020) do not find a similar relation for immaterial CSR disclosures.
“The authors do not find a similar relation for immaterial CSR disclosures.”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Grewal et al. (2020)
Grewal et al. (2020) construct a firm-specific disclosure score of material CSR information based on SASB topics.
“They construct a firm-specific disclosure score of material CSR information (based on SASB topics)”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Grewal et al. (2020)
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Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840603024003910 · Cited by 7,641
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Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review
Christensen, H. B., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2021) · Review of Accounting Studies · doi:10.1007/s11142-021-09609-5 · Cited by 1,923
Metadata
- Authors
- Grewal, J., & Serafeim, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Foundations and Trends® in Accounting
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2020-09-02
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 73-127
- ISSN
- 1554-0642 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-0650
- OpenAlex
- W3081674597
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 22.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Foundations and Trends® in Accounting (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Accounting and Financial Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Accounting and Organizational Management
- Keywords
- corporate sustainability, sustainability performance measurement, sustainability reporting, management control systems, investor pressure, disclosure requirements, financial materiality, sustainability indicators, financial performance, accounting standards, corporate purpose, shareholder value
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