Assessing the Help-Seeking Behaviors of Foster Care Alumni within their Own Social Networks
Open accessAbstract
This study utilizes survey data to assess the social network orientation of 66 foster care youth and alumni.Specifically, it measures the perceptions of foster care alumni concerning the efficacy of seeking help from their support system.Correlation analysis revealed that longer lengths of stays in foster care, higher numbers of placements, and a lack of permanency arrangement were all associated with being less likely to ask for and accept assistance from those in their social networks.Multivariate analysis indicates that the number of placements while in care was the only significant predictor of social network orientation.Implications for policy and practice include increased efforts by state agencies to maintain permanent and stable relationships in the lives of older youth as they transition from care and ensuring that the first placement is the best fit when out-ofhome placements are suggested.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Youth in foster care are more likely to report support-seeking efforts to be inadvisable, risky, or useless, especially following the experience of multiple placements.
“For example, youth in foster care are more likely to report support-seeking efforts to be inadvisable, risky, or useless, especially following the experience of multiple placements (Seita et al., 2016).”
From Intervention development to improve foster youth mental health by targeting coping self-efficacy and help-seeking (2023) · cites this paper as Seita et al., 2016
The Measures section defines negative network orientation as viewing help-seeking as inadvisable, useless, or risky, and the Results section links more placements to higher scores on that measure. But the Discussion says only that this orientation *may* be a larger issue for foster youth than for other populations; the Limitations section cautions that the small convenience sample cannot be generalized to all foster care youth. The claim states that broader comparison more firmly than the paper does. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredYouth in foster care face unique psychosocial barriers to formal and informal help-seeking behaviors as an adaptive coping mechanism.
“Youth in foster care also face unique psychosocial barriers to formal and informal help-seeking behaviors as an adaptive coping mechanism.”
From Intervention development to improve foster youth mental health by targeting coping self-efficacy and help-seeking (2023) · cites this paper as Seita et al., 2016
The Discussion (section 6; page unavailable) links placement instability, a distinctive foster-care experience, to difficulty seeking and accepting support. Section 2 says social network orientation affects help-seeking from both informal networks and professional providers, but the study examines foster youth and alumni seeking help within their own social networks. It does not establish barriers to both formal and informal help-seeking for this population or specifically characterize help-seeking as an adaptive coping mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Understanding social network disruption: The case of youth in foster care
Perry, B. L. (2006) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.2006.53.3.371 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Keller, T. E., Cusick, G. R., & Courtney, M. E. (2007) · Social Service Review · doi:10.1086/519536 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Effects of Enhanced Foster Care on the Long-term Physical and Mental Health of Foster Care Alumni
Kessler, R. C., Pecora, P. J., Williams, J., Hiripi, E., O’Brien, K., English, D., White, J., Zerbe, R., Downs, A. C., Plotnick, R., et al. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.625 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Anctil, T. M., McCubbin, L. D., O’Brien, K., Pecora, P., & Anderson-Harumi, C. A. (2007) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.05.005 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
An evaluation of factors leading to mentor satisfaction with the mentoring relationship
Martin, S. M., & Sifers, S. K. (2012) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.025 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 46
- Ahrens, K.R., DuBois, D.L., Garrison, M., Spencer, R., Richardson, L.P., & Lozano, P. (2011). Qualitative exploration of relationships with important non-parental adults in the lives of youth in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(6), 1012-1023.
- Arnett, J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480. doi: 10.1037//0003-066X.55.5.469 · DOI · Paper page
- Barone, C., Iscoe, E., Trickett, E., & Schmid, K.D. (1998). An ecologically differentiated, multifactor model of adolescent network orientation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(3), 403- 423.doi:10.1023/A:1022159104542 · DOI
- Beam, M.R. (2002). The nature of adolescents' relationships with their "very important" nonparent adults. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(2), 305-325.doi: 10.1023/A:1014641213440 · DOI
- Belle, D., Dill, D., & Burr, R. (1991). Children's network orientations. Journal of Community Psychology, 19(4), 362-372.doi: 10.1002/1520-6629(199110) · DOI
- Berzin, S.C., Rhodes, A. M., & Curtis, M.A. (2011). Housing experiences of former foster youth: How do they fare in comparison to other youth? Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2119-2126. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.06.018 · DOI
- Beuhler, C., Orme, J.G., Post, J., & Patterson, D.A. (2000). The long-term correlates of family foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 22(8), 595-625.doi: 10.1016/S0190-7409(00)00108-0 · DOI
- Burda, P.C., Jr., Vaux, A., & Schill, T. (1984). Social support resources: Variation across sex and sex role. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10(1), 119-126.doi:10.1177/0146167284101014 · DOI
- Cecil, H., Stanley, M.A., Carrion, P.G., & Swann, A. (1995). Psychometric properties of the MSPSS and NOS in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(5), 593-602.doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199509) · DOI
- Clapp, J.D., & Beck, J.G (2009). Understanding the relationship between PTSD and social support: The role of negative network orientation. Behavior Research and Therapy, 27, 237-244. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.006 · DOI
- Collins, M.E., & Ward, R.L. (2011). Services and outcomes for transition-age foster care youth: Youths' perspectives. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 6(2), 157-165. doi: 10.1080/17450128.2011564226 · DOI
- Cook-Fong, S.K. (2000). The adult well-being of individuals reared in family foster care placements. Child & Youth Care Forum, 29(1), 7-25.doi: 10.1023/A:1009440422651 · DOI
- Courtney, M.E., & Barth, R.P. (1996). Pathways of older adolescents out of foster care: Implications for independent living services. Social Work, 41(1), 75-83. doi:10.1093/sw/41.1.75 · DOI
- Courtney, M.E., & Heuring, D.H. (2005). The transition to adulthood for youth "aging out" of the foster care system [Chapter Two]. In D.W. Osgood, E.M. Foster, C. Flanagan, & G.R. Ruth, (Eds.). On your own without a net: The transition to adulthood for vulnerable populations (pp. 27-67). Chicago: University of Chicago, Press.
- Courtney, M.E., Piliavin, I., Grogan-Kaylor, A., & Nesmith, A. (2001). Foster youth transitions to adulthood: A longitudinal view of youth leaving care. Child Welfare, 80(6), 685-717.
- Denuwelaere, M., & Bracke, P. (2007). Support and conflict in the foster family and children's well-being: A comparison between foster and birth children. Family Relations, 56(1), 67-79.doi: 10.1111/j.1741- 3729.2007.00440.x · DOI
- Farruggia, S.P., Greenberger, E., Chen, C., & Heckhausen, J. (2006). Perceived social environment and adolescents' well-being and adjustment: Comparing a foster care sample with a matched sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3), 349-358.doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9029-6 · DOI
- Forbes, A., & Roger, D. (1999). Stress, social support and fear of disclosure. British Journal of Health Psychology, 4: 165-179.doi: 10.1348/135910799168551Foster Care Independence Act of 1999, 42 U.S.C. § 1305. Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008, 42 U.S.C. § 1305. · DOI
- Gibson, R.L., & Hartshorne, T.S. (1996). Childhood sexual abuse and adult loneliness and network orientation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(11), 1087-1093.doi:10.1016/0145-2134 (96)00097-X · DOI
- Greeson, J.K.P., Usher, L., & Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2010). One adult who is crazy about you: Can natural mentoring relationships increase assets among young adults with and without foster care experience? Children and Youth Services Review, 32(4), 565-577. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.12.003 · DOI
- Hass, M. &Graydon, K. (2009). Sources of resiliency among successful foster youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(4), 457-463. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.10.001 · DOI
- Havlicek, J. (2011). Lives in motion: A review of former foster youth in the context of their experiences in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(7), 1090-1100. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.02.007 · DOI · Paper page
- Jonson-Reid, M., Scott, Jr., L.D., McMillen, J.C., & Edmond, T. (2007). Dating Violence among emancipating foster youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 29(5), 557-571. doi 10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.12.008 · DOI · Paper page
- Kerman, B., Wildfire, J., & Barth, R.P. (2002). Outcomes of young adults who experienced foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 24(5) 319-344.doi:10.1016/S0190-7409 (02)00180-9 · DOI · Paper page
- Krebs, B., &Pitcoff, P. (2006). Beyond the foster care system: The future for teens. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
- Lawrence, S.A., Gardner, J., & Callan, V.J. (2007). The support appraisal for work stressors inventory: Construction and initial validation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70(1), 172-204. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2006.09.003 · DOI
- Munson, M.R., & McMillen, J.C. (2009). Natural mentoring and psychosocial outcomes among older youth transitioning from foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(1), 104-111. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.06.003 · DOI · Paper page
- Munson, M.R., Smalling, S.E., Spencer, R., Scott, L.D., & Tracey, E.M. (2010). A steady presence in the midst of change: Non-kin natural mentors in the lives of older youth exiting foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(4), 527-535. doi: 10.1016.j.childyouth.2009.11.005
- Pretorius, T.B. (1993). Willingness to use social support: Use of the network orientation scale with black South African students. Psychological Reports, 73(3), 1011-1017.doi: 10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3.1011 · DOI
- Rittner, B., Affronti, M., Crofford, R., Coombes, M., & Schwam-Harris, M. (2011). Understanding responses to foster care: Theoretical approaches. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 21(4), 363- 382.doi:10.1080/10911359.2011.555654 · DOI
- Salazar, A.M., Keller, T.E., & Courtney, M.E. (2011). Understanding social support's role in the relationship between maltreatment and depression in youth with foster care experience. Child Maltreatment, 16(2), 102-113. doi: 10.1177/1077559511402985 · DOI
- Samuels, G. M.,& Pryce, J.M. (2008). What doesn't kill you makes you stronger: Survivalist self-reliance as resilience and risk among young adults aging out of foster care. Children & Youth Services Review 30(10): 1198-1210. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.03.005 · DOI · Paper page
- Shirk, M., &Stangler, F. (2004). On their own: What happens to kids when they age out of the foster care system? Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Stott, T., & Gustavsson, N. (2010). Balancing permanency and stability for youth in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(4), 619-625. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.12.009 · DOI
- Tata, S.P., & Leong, F.T.L. (1994). Individualism-collectivism, social-network orientation, and acculturation as predictors of attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help among Chinese Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41(3), 280-287.doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.41.3.280 · DOI
- Taussig, H.N. (2002). Risk behavior in maltreated youth placed in foster care: A longitudinal study of protective and vulnerability factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(11), 1179-1199.doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00391-5 · DOI
- Tolsdorf, C.C. (1976). Social networks, support, and coping: An exploratory study. Family Process, 15(4), 407- 417.doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.41.3.280.x · DOI
- Unrau, Y.A., Seita, J.R., & Putney, K.S. (2008). Former foster youth remember multiple placement moves: A journey of loss and hope. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(11), 1256-1266. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.03.01 · DOI
- Vaux, A. (1985). Factor structure of the Network Orientation Scale. Psychological Reports, 57(3f) 1181-1182.doi: 10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3f.1181 · DOI
- Vaux, A., & Athanassopulou, M. (1987). Social support appraisals and network resources. Journal of Community Psychology, 15(4) 537-556.doi: 10.1002/1520-6629(198710) · DOI
- Vaux, A., Burda, P., & Stewart, D. (1986). Orientation toward utilization of support resources. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(2) 159-170.doi: 10.1002/1520-6629(198604) · DOI
- Vaux, A., & Harrison, D. (1985). Support network characteristics associated with support satisfaction and perceived support. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(3), 245-268.doi: 10.1007/BF00914932 · DOI
- White, C.R., Gallegos, A.H., O'Brien, K., Weisberg, S., & Pecora, P.J. (2011). The relationship between homelessness and mental health among alumni of foster care: Results from the Casey Young adult survey. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 5(4), 369-389. doi: 10.1080/15548732.2011.599754 · DOI
- Wojciak, A.S., McWey, L.M., & Helfrich C.M. (2013). Sibling relationships and internalizing symptoms of youth in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(7), 1071-1077.
- Yoo, S.K., Goh, M., & Yoon, E. (2005). Psychological and cultural influences on Koreans' help-seeking attitudes. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 27(3), 266-281.URL: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA134576375&v=2.1&u=lom_waynesu&it=r&p=ITOF&s w=w&asid=7a3f8bf5958e68a2d78b61dab4b9bbc2
- Zand, D.H., Thomson, N., Cervantes, R., Espiritu, R., Klagholz, D., La Blanc, L., & Taylor, A. (2009). The mentor-youth alliance: The role of mentoring relationships in promoting youth competence. Journal of Adolescence, 32(1), 1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.12.006 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Blakeslee, J. E., Kothari, B. H., & Miller, R. A. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106753 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Seita, J., Day, A., Carrellas, A., & Pugh, G. L.
- ORCID
- Day, Angelique
- Venue
- Journal of Sociology and Social Work
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 2333-5807 (ISSN-L)
- 2333-5815
- OpenAlex
- W2611475838
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Sociology and Social Work (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Social Work Education and Practice
- Keywords
- help-seeking, foster care alumni, foster care, social networks, social support
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review