Brazilian scientific articles on “Spirituality, Religion and Health”
Open accessAbstract
Background Studies on “Spirituality, religion and health” (R/S) have been increasing worldwide, including in Brazil. Mapping this production can help researchers to understand this field and also to identify gaps in the Brazilian R/S studies. Objective To analyze the Brazilian scientific articles on “Religion, Spirituality and Health” available on the main electronic databases using a bibliometric approach. Methods A comprehensive review of four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, BVS and Web of Science) was conducted. Three reviewers performed the data analysis. Off-topic articles, articles from Portugal, books and thesis were excluded. Articles were then classified by: Publication year, journal, Central focus in R/S, Academic Area, Main topic and Study Type. Results From 3,963 articles found, 686 studies were included in the final analysis (320 had central focus on R/S). There was an increase of articles in the last decade (most observational), with predominance of mental health issues, and from journals in the field of psychiatry, public health and nursing. Discussion This study enabled us to widen our understanding about how the field of “spirituality, religion and health” has been established and how this field is increasing in Brazil. These findings can help in the development of future Brazilian studies.
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This bibliometric review maps Brazilian scientific articles on spirituality/religion and health, identifying 686 included studies, of which 320 (46.6%) had R/S as the central focus. It reports growth in the last decade, especially observational studies, with mental health, psychiatry, public health, and nursing prominent.
Key findings
- From the search, 686 Brazilian articles were included in the final analysis; 320/686 (46.6%) had R/S as the main focus.
- Publications increased over time: the first article was in 1973, with an “explosion” between 2003/2004; 2004 had five times as many R/S articles as the previous year.
- Among all included studies, the most common study type was observational quantitative studies (47.7%), followed by qualitative studies (32.6%); among R/S-focused studies, observational studies were 37.8% and qualitative studies 33.4%.
- Main topics among all articles were “Alcohol and/or Drug Use” (9.3%), “Quality of Life” (7.4%), “Sexuality” (3.8%), “HIV” (3.5%), and “Mental Disorders” (3.1%); among R/S-focused articles, the top topics were “Alcohol and/or Drug Use” (7.8%), “Ayahuasca” (5.9%), “R/S Scales” (5.6%), “Health Education” (4.4%), and “Sexuality” (4.1%).
Methods
- Bibliometric analysis of four major databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and BVS, using the Boolean expression “(Spirituality OR Spiritual OR Religion OR Religiousness OR Religiosity) AND (Brazil OR Portuguese)”.
- Inclusion criteria covered articles evaluating or discussing associations between spirituality, religion, religiosity, spiritual/religious practices or interventions, and health; exclusions included off-topic articles, articles from Portugal, books, theses, articles without abstract/inconclusive title, non-health articles, and redundant publications.
- Three independent reviewers classified articles; intra-class correlation was 0.72 (95% CI 0.42–0.88) for the first 25 articles and 0.83 (95% CI 0.82–0.84) at the end of analyses; descriptive statistics were used.
Limitations
- The paper states that some articles may not have been indexed in the searched databases, though most relevant Brazilian papers are indexed in at least one; BVS was included to help minimize this.
- The paper states possible selection bias, addressed by using three reviewers and high intra-class correlation.
- The paper states concerns about incomplete data from some databases, addressed by searching full-text versions. Evident from the text: the abstract reports 3,963 articles found while the results report 3,693; articles published in 2015 were excluded, so year-based trends end at 2014.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
0 of 9 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingown data
Regarding only studies with central focus in R/S and Health, qualitative studies were the second most common type (33.4%).
“Regarding only studies with Central Focus in R/S and Health, there was also a predominance of observational studies (Cross-sectionals, Cohort, Case-Control Studies) (37.8%) followed by Qualitative Studies (33.4%);”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingreasoning
686 Brazilian articles related to spirituality, religion and health were included in the final analysis.
“Hence, 686 articles, corresponding to all Brazilian production related to”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
320 out of 686 included Brazilian articles (46.6%) had R/S as the main focus.
“From these, 320 out of 686 articles (46.6%) had R/S as the main focus (Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In total R/S studies, qualitative studies were the second most common type (32.6%).
“In the total R/S studies, the most common type of study was observational quantitative studies (Cross-sectionals, Cohort, and Case-Control Studies) (47.7%), followed by Qualitative Studies (32.6%);”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In Graphic 1B, analyzing only studies with central focus in R/S, there was a predominance of qualitative studies until 2011.
“In Graphic 1B, analyzing only studies with central focus in R/S, there was a predominance of qualitative studies until the year of 2011.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- Findingown data
In total R/S studies, the most common study type was observational quantitative studies (47.7%).
“In the total R/S studies, the most common type of study was observational quantitative studies (Cross-sectionals, Cohort, and Case-Control Studies) (47.7%), followed by Qualitative Studies (32.6%);”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Few Brazilian R/S studies were experimental (Quasi-experimental or Clinical Trials).
“Nevertheless, few studies were experimental (Quasi-experimental or Clinical Trials).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The first Brazilian publication in R/S and health was in 1973.
“We found that the first publication was in 1973”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Nursing represents 7% of the total Brazilian R/S and health studies.
“Nursing also represents an important amount, with 7% in the total of studies.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Regarding only studies with central focus in R/S and Health, observational studies were the most common type (37.8%).
“Regarding only studies with Central Focus in R/S and Health, there was also a predominance of observational studies (Cross-sectionals, Cohort, Case-Control Studies) (37.8%) followed by Qualitative Studies (33.4%);”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Considering only studies with central focus in R/S, Psychiatry and Public Health areas correspond to almost 44% of all Brazilian studies.
“Considering only studies with Central focus in R/S, both Psychiatry and Public health areas correspond to almost 44% of all studies in Brazil.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationown data
In Brazil, the interest in R/S and health seems to be more widespread in other academic areas than psychiatry/mental health.
“This shows that in Brazil the interest seems to be more widespread in other academic areas.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductown data
An observer intra-class correlation for the first twenty-five articles was 0.72 (95% CI 0.42-0.88).
“An observer intra-class correlation (ICC) was calculated for the first twenty-five articles in order to assure consistency (ICC = 0.72, confidence interval -CI 95% 0.42-0.88).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Brazil is the fifth greatest publisher of articles in R/S and health worldwide.
“Brazil, according to a recent analysis 4 , is now the fifth greater publisher of articles in this area worldwide.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [4]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
There are negative outcomes of some forms of religious involvement, such as extrinsic religiosity and negative religious coping.
“Although less frequent, there are also negative outcomes of some forms of religious involvement, such as extrinsic religiosity and negative religious coping 1,9 .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [1]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [9]
Not checked in the free run.
- Study design and conductown data
Another observer intra-class correlation at the end of analyses (2,440 articles) showed a high agreement rate (ICC = 0.83, 95% CI 0.82-0.84).
“Another observer intra-class correlation was performed in the end of analyzes (2,440 articles), showing a high agreement rate (ICC = 0.83, CI 95%: 0.82-0.84).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationown data
The decrease in qualitative manuscripts helped the general drop in publication seen in Graphics 1A and 1B.
“This decrease in qualitative manuscripts helped the general drop in publication that we can see in Graphics 1A and 1B.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
In Brazil, a multicenter study with 3,630 medical students showed a large gap between high levels of students' desire to receive training in R/S and the actual low rates of medical training received on the topic.
“In Brazil, a multicenter study with 3,630 medical students showed a large gap between high levels of students' desire to receive training in R/S and the actual low rates of medical training received on the topic 14 .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [14]
Not checked in the free run.
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 10
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- May combine two claims. 9
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataAmong articles with central focus in R/S and health,
“Concerning only articles with central focus in R/S and health we found an important leading for”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimThe quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataThere was a slow increase in the number of Brazilian R/S and health articles over the years since 1973.
“since then, a slow increase in the number of articles over the years can be observed.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataPublic Health holds the second place in both total and central focus R/S studies.
“However, we also see an important amount of studies published in Public Health area, which holds the second place in both views.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThere was a constant increase in the number of Brazilian R/S articles until 2014, when there was a decrease, especially in articles with central focus in R/S.
“which reveals a constant increase in number until 2014, when we see a decrease, especially in articles with central focus in R/S.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn 2012, there was an important increase in quantitative studies followed by an important decrease in qualitative studies in 2014.
“In 2012, an important increase in quantitative studies is observed followed by an important decrease in qualitative studies in 2014.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
FindingcitationIn relation to academic area, 30% of Brazilian articles were related with psychiatry and mental health, much less than the 80% found in a review of world publication on R/S and health.
“In relation to the academic area of these articles, we found a relevant trend with 30% of articles related with psychiatry and mental health, much less than the 80% found in a review of world publication on R/S and health 3 .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataPsychiatry is the main academic area of Brazilian R/S and health studies, leading both the total of studies and studies with central focus in R/S.
“As we could predict, the main area is Psychiatry, leading both the total of studies and also studies with central focus in R/S.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataThere was an
“It is noteworthy that there was an”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationThere is a relationship between R/S and physical health, such as less hospitalization, better coping with the disease, better treatment adherence, more acceptance of therapeutic measures, and lower mortality rates.
“Likewise, there is also a relationship between R/S and physical health, such as less hospitalization, better coping with the disease, better treatment adherence, more acceptance of therapeutic measures, and lower mortality rates [10][11][12] .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [10][11][12]
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductown dataA meeting to discuss inclusion/exclusion criteria was held previously among all authors.
“A meeting to discuss the criteria for inclusion and exclusion was held previously among all authors, including those who performed the review.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenThree independent researchers performed the review without contact during the analysis period.
“Three independent researchers did the review without any contact during the period of analysis.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationR/S content has been included in the curricula of many universities (90% of US medical schools, 59% of British medical schools and 40% in Brazil).
“Likewise, this content has been included in the curricula of many universities (90% of US medical schools, 59% of British medical schools and 40% in Brazil) 13,14 .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [13]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [14]
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenIt is possible that some articles were not indexed in any of the electronic databases searched.
“First, it is possible that some articles were not indexed in any of the electronic databases we have searched.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenThere are concerns regarding incomplete data provided by some databases.
“Third, there are some concerns regarding the incomplete data provided by some databases.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationThere is a relationship between spirituality and mental health, usually showing lower rates of drug use, lower prevalence of depression and suicidal attempts, and better quality of life and well-being.
“This relationship between spirituality and mental health has been widely demonstrated by many different authors over the years and all around the world [5][6][7][8][9] , usually showing lower rates of drug use, lower prevalence of depression and suicidal attempts and better quality of life and well being.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [5][6][7][8][9]
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductnone givenFor articles in which at least two out of three reviewers classified the same, the majority was selected.
“For articles in which at least two out of three reviewers classified the same, the majority was selected.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenBrazil is one of the leading countries in the field of
“The field of”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenIt is possible that some R/S studies were not included due to a selection bias.
“Second, it is possible that some R/S studies were not included due to a selection bias.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenThe field of
“The field of”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
The paper relies on this without support.
No specific bibliometric analysis of Brazilian R/S production existed up to the present date.
“However, even though we have identified some attempts to evaluate Brazilian R/S production 4,8 , to our knowledge, there is no specific bibliometric analysis up to the present date.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most relevant Brazilian academic papers are indexed in at least one of the searched databases.
“However, by large, most relevant Brazilian academic papers are indexed in at least one of the searched databases.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Research over the last decades has been growing substantially in the field of 'Spirituality and Health,' showing a significant influence of spiritual and religious beliefs on both mental and physical health outcomes.
“Research over the last decades has been growing substantially in the field of “Spirituality and Health,” showing a significant influence of spiritual and religious beliefs on both mental and physical health outcomes (Damiano et al., 2016)”
From Defining spirituality in healthcare: a systematic review and conceptual framework. (2021) · cites this paper as Damiano et al., 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Conflicting initial search totals
MinorThe abstract says the search found 3,963 articles, but the Results section and its database counts give 3,693. This changes the reported size of the initial search.
“From 3,963 articles found, 686 studies were included in the final analysis”
“In our first search using the boolean expression, we found 3,693 articles in all four databases (873 in PubMed, 696 in Web of Science, 793 in "Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde", and 1,331 in SCOPUS).”
Cites
Handbook of Religion and Health
Koenig, H., McCullough, M., & Larson, D. (2001) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195118667.001.0001 · Cited by 2,581 · see citing works
Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications
Koenig, H. G. (2012) · ISRN Psychiatry · doi:10.5402/2012/278730 · Cited by 2,423 · see citing works
Religion, spirituality, and medicine
Sloan, R., Bagiella, E., & Powell, T. P. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07376-0 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Religiousness and mental health: a review
Moreira-Almeida, A., Lotufo Neto, F., & Koenig, H. G. (2006) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462006005000006 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
Self-citationMental disorders, religion and spirituality 1990 to 2010: a systematic evidence-based review
Bonelli, R. M., & Koenig, H. G. (2013) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-013-9691-4 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Gonçalves, J. P. B., Lucchetti, G., Menezes, P. R., & Vallada, H. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715001166 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Self-citationBouso, J. C., González, D., Fondevila, S., Cutchet, M., Fernández, X., Ribeiro Barbosa, P. C., Alcázar-Córcoles, M. Á., Araújo, W. S., Barbanoj, M. J., Fábregas, J. M., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042421 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Clinical implications of spirituality to mental health: review of evidence and practical guidelines
Moreira-Almeida, A., Koenig, H. G., & Lucchetti, G. (2014) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1255 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Spirituality, religion, and health: over the last 15 years of field research (1999-2013).
Lucchetti, G., & Lucchetti, A. L. G. (2014) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/pm.48.3.e · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of Spirituality/Religiosity on Mortality: Comparison With Other Health Interventions
Lucchetti, G., Lucchetti, A. L. G., & Koenig, H. G. (2011) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2011.04.005 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationMedical students, spirituality and religiosity-results from the multicenter study SBRAME
Collaborators, F. T. S., Lucchetti, G., de Oliveira, L. R., Koenig, H. G., Leite, J. R., & Lucchetti, A. L. (2013) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-162 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Spirituality and health in the curricula of medical schools in Brazil
Lucchetti, G., Lucchetti, A. L. G., Espinha, D. C. M., de Oliveira, L. R., Leite, J. R., & Koenig, H. G. (2012) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-12-78 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationSystematic Review of Clinical Trials Examining the Effects of Religion on Health
TOWNSEND, M., Kladder, V., Ayele, H., et al. (2002) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-200295120-00016 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lucchetti, G., Lucchetti, A. L. G., & Vallada, H. (2013) · Sao Paulo Medical Journal · doi:10.1590/s1516-31802013000100022 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationSnider, A.-M., & McPhedran, S. (2014) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2013.871240 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
de Assumpção, D., Domene, S. M. Á., Fisberg, R. M., & Barros, M. B. D. A. (2014) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00009113 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Bhugra, D. (2014) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.899999 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Spirituality or religiosity: is there any difference?
Lucchetti, G., Koenig, H. G., Pinsky, I., et al. (2015) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2014-3610 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationCigarette smoking among psychiatric patients in Brazil.
de Barros, F. C. R., Melo, A. P., Cournos, F., Cherchiglia, M., Peixoto, E. R. D. M., & Guimarães, M. (2014) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00027113 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Qualitative Research Publication Rates in Top-Ranked Nursing Journals
Gagliardi, A. R., Umoquit, M. J., Webster, F., et al. (2014) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000022 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Dalgalarrondo P. Brazilian studies on religion and mental health: history and current perspectives. Rev Psiquiatr Clin. 2007;34(1):25-33.
- Moreira-Almeida A. The growing impact of publications in spirituality and health and the role of Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica. Rev Psiquiatr Clin. 2010;37(2):41-2.
- Dein S, Cook CCH, Koenig H. Religion, spirituality, and mental health: current controversies and future directions. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012;200(10):852-5.
- Assumpção D, Domene SM, Fisberg RM, Barros MB. [Diet quality and associated factors among the elderly: a population-based study in Cam- pinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil]. Cad Saude Publica. 2014;30(8):1680-94.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Defining spirituality in healthcare: a systematic review and conceptual framework.
de Brito Sena, M. A., Damiano, R. F., Lucchetti, G., & Peres, M. F. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756080 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citationBest professional practices when approaching religiosity/spirituality in psychotherapy in Brazil
Cunha, V. F. D., & Scorsolini‐Comin, F. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12241 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Damiano, R. F., Costa, L. A., Viana, M. T. S. A., Moreira-Almeida, A., Lucchetti, A. L. G., & Lucchetti, G.
- Affiliations
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (BR)
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (BR)
- Venue
- Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo)
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-16
- ISSN
- 0101-6083 (ISSN-L)
- 1806-938X
- OpenAlex
- W2333579499
- Semantic Scholar
- 2cfa13b6cece364e92150e3bf25aabe3a55135c9
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 9.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- The Scientific Electronic Library Online (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Demography › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Keywords
- spirituality, religion and health, Brazilian research production, research trends, mental health, religious coping, research gaps
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-09.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-09.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
